What are the secretes of a black hole?

Black holes are the legendary odyssey of the universe we've all heard about. The dominant characteristic is gravity believed to be the gravitational remains of dead stars that was once thousands of times larger than our sun the center smaller than an atom but strong enough to capture all of la 100% of light.

The next time you visit a supermarket take hold in your hand a1kg food packet ( butter, cheese pack that sort of thing ) weighing in your hand. You can feel the effect of the earth's mass trying to pull the 1kg to the ground as if a invisible hand against the resistance you holding.

Using this as a reference is the force of the mass of the earth pulling on the body 9.8 Newton's. Let go from the top floor of a tall sky scrapper the earth's mass snatch's it to a meter in a second and stops accelerating to a meter per second constant velocity continuing straight down the side of the building impacting with the walk at full velocity. If we do the math's this pans out to 1kg 3.6kmph force impact.

The force of the mass was heaver on impact than if at rest distorting it as if in a heavier gravity. The extra weight dissipated though it to it's own rest mass. Impact with the ground like that testifies during free fall was was more massive.

But there is a limit. The earth's mass couldn't pull the mass all that height any faster. After the initial second it was dropped it was it was at it's maximum 3.6kmph speed limit. In other words acceleration was terminated to that constant velocity not by the earth, but itself what is expressed as it's inertia. As the free falling mass tells us resisting acceleration defining inertial mass.

Bearing in mind there is no resistance in a vacuum light is at it's maximum speed limit controlled by inertia weighing it down to a top speed of just under 300,000k/s. Not even black holes can accelerate light any faster. A common belief gravity slows light is testimony not a true constant because it can is also effected any atmosphere, gas, water, ice, glass panes to prisms. Thousands of children's library books on light describe the zigzag bending and reflection characteristics. Images in shop windows for example can be as much as a right angle to the actual scene.

The sold earth stops light dead in it's tracks like the moon does. It reverses direction in less than a second accelerating out of control back into space. The moon isn't shinning we only observe light reflecting off it's surface just as astronauts see the earth shinning from the surface of the moon. On earth the atmosphere slows it down bounces back picks up speed heading though the atmosphere Into open space were it accelerates to it's maximum speed limit where it doesn't travel any faster.

Most of us believe time stops at light speed and deep inside black holes. We'd think If we were to view the universe at a light speed point of view we would be traveling in parallel with light that appears be stationary while universe traveling at light speed.

Mathematics projects if we travel on the speed of light on the surface of earth, we would travel round the world about 7 times in a second. We would be 300,000 times faster than the environment second. The belief time stops at light speed we would observe the environment's time slowed down by 300,000 times because the second is stretched by 300,000 times. If we do the math's on this what we would observe of the second as long weekend to go round the world 7 times the would would see us zap it in a second.

Mathematics tells us the reciprocal of light speed is the 3 of 300,000 on the right of the same number of decimal places: 300,000th. Observing the universe at it's current velocity is 300,000 times faster than we would observe at light speed. The universe would appear 300,000 seconds to travel a distance 300,000km In other words at universe would appear to slow down to 3km/s. This value is a factor we would observe of the environment on earth. The reciprocal tells us the world observe us 30 microseconds ( 30 millionth of a second ) in a distance of 3km. Since light doesn't go any faster from light speed point of view the universe doesn't travel any slower than the reciprocal of light speed.

When we speed up to light speed to light speed time is slowed down. It can't go any slower because light speed is not going any faster. Time is not stopped because It is still moving 300,000km every long weekend slower fore the observer. Time only appears to be stopped in the illusion of going to slow to see moving when viewed at light speed.

If we do the math's on this we can see when we slow down from light speed we would be slowing back to down to sub light speed were we would observe light travel 300,000 times faster. In other words the slower we go the faster time goes. Time is actually faster at our current dimension than we would observe it at light speed.

If we do the math's light speed travels 300,000,000,00 meters per second we walk the same distance in the same time. If light is slowed down the distance to travel a meter will seem to take longer time to travel the distance.

Stars are the sources of light not reflecting it but manufacturing it just as our sun does every second. Light speed is the distance light travels in a second. Mathematics projects in the vast distance between us and the sun traveling a light second the sun is a little under 8 light minutes away from earth. The sunlight we see now is what the sun was 8 minutes ago every second or the light that leaves the sun every second in real time is day light 8 minutes in the future.

The universe is not an empty vacuum. It is a live vibrant sheet of waving particles generated from the stars spreading across the universe like a rough ocean. It's a sheet of electromagnetic radiation fanning out in every direction from every star. The light we see is only a tiny part of the invisible spectrum.

Classical physics tells every particle of visible sunlight ( Photons ) move to a maximum peak slow down to a stop reverse direction and re-accelerate the opposite peak repeating the cycle many-many times a second. Quantum physics tell us they disappear and reappear as if tunneling though space. The wavelengths range from a kilometer to 1,000,000,000,000's of times per second.

A tiny mass 1,000,000's,of times smaller than an atom called a singularity ( right in the very center of a black hole ) is heavy enough to capture a100% of all this radiation. We can't see the singularity because there is a zero reflection 1,000,000 of km's big sphere hiding it. As there is no reflection here either the black void of space hides that. The edge where light disappears is called the event horizon and the surrounding edge where light can still escape is called the ergosphere in turn the darkness of space hiding theses boundaries. The black sphere remains invisible where escape velocity may be a little higher than light speed.

Singularities exists in energy, length and time, on a Planck scale. A Planck scale is the unit of the smallest, and largest amount. Like the maximum speed limit of light, is another maximum constant 40 decimal zeros 626, in the minus value and the same number in the positive, a 43 number.

For a comparison a common school rule measures the thickness of a typical news paper sheet a micrometer (or better known as a micron wide ) only 6 decimal zeros and 1 of a meter. Take a way 6 zeros from 40 the decimal value of the thickness or a few more of a human hair or a few more of a cell.

According to our understanding of Isaac Newtown's interpretation of gravity the size of a body determines the attractive pull. Not to the tiny singularity it doesn't. Look how tiny it is yet it captures a 100% of radiation that enters it's gravitational filed. Albert Einstein's general theory projects the heavy weight mass of the would sink a deep sink well in space and according to the Planck constant on Planck scale.

Planck length tell us the radius ( from the center to the inside sphere edge and across flat 2 dimensional circles ) can never be any smaller. Taking any sphere ( a tennis ball for example we can represent to scale of a singularity ) rapping string round it cutting to length opening out to a straight line rolled into a circle equals a 2-dimensial representation of the same perimeter ( circumference ) of the sphere. Pi ( said as pie ) is a mathematical expression that tells us the dimensions of circles including spheres.

The straight line of the circumference goes across it, once twice, three times with a fraction left over about a 7th. Any 2 dollar calculator projects 1 dived 7 plus 3 giving a 7 decimal value accurate to three decimal places.3.142. Anyone can prove pi testing a string rapt round a tennis ball and a ruler checking the dimensions of the string.

Pi has a never ending decimal value .Mathematicians have been trying to find the end for centuries. Guinness book of records have recorded record braking feats of individuals reciting the decimal value off the top of their heads to a few thousand places.1 over 7 plus 3 will always be three decimal places accurate no matter how big or small the circle is. Pi Proves all straight lines are equal to the circumference of the circle they will form rolled into. Unrolled equals the some straight line.

The radius of singularity is half as short as it is across. The law of mathematics tells us when we want to multiply fractions we take away the decimal zeros and when we want to divide we add them respectively.

In the case of the singularity the diameter would be minus half the zeros of the Planck length in a straight line in this case 21. We can apply multiplying the Planck length in 2 decimal place value ( 6.26 ) by pi writing in the number of zeros for a total tune of a 21 decimal number. Using a scientific calculator we can enter 626 the pressing the exponent key ( EXP ) entering 21 times the pie value giving the circumference of the singularity.

According to Einstein's general theory the reciprocal should be how heavy a singularity weighs,( in terms of tonnage on the surface of earth equivalent ) simply relocating the 626 from the right of the zeros to left creating the positive value. In other words a 626 40 zero number the heaviest solar mass in the universe and yet look how tiny the singularity radius is. The beauty of a Planck scale there is no such thing as infinite. It is a finite constant in time, length, mass and energy, for everything including pi. Dispute the infinite decimal value will still only project the diameter from a straight line representing the circumference.

The vast area of blackness of a black hole is an extension of the reaches of the gravitational field hiding the singularity the outer edge where there is no return called the event horizon surrounded by an area of the minimum safe distance everything can escape called the ergosphere.

The idea of the ergosphere came about in the 1970's from some intense thought experimenting realizing there is an area near the event horizon where there must be where light ( or the cosmic radiation) can still escape. It has been of intense to cosmologies black holes holes emit radiation ever since.

The origin refers thoughts about topography relating to blackbody radiation relating to the speculation ofthe temperature of black holes.

The invisible heat loss of camp fires and fresh solidified lava in the dead of dark nights is the nearest description of black body radiation I can think of. The shimmering we see in broad daylight is only the heated air molecules. This heat loss is in the inferred range not the only radiation we can't see.

Visible light and color we see in our surroundings is only a tiny part of a huge spectrum meaning space is not an empty vacuum as we would suppose. It is a mass of particles that make it up radiating from all the stars in a single wave front expanding the whole universe in every second.

A classical physics interoperation tells us the particles accelerate to a peak, slow down and stop, reverse direction reaccelerate to maximum again slowing down to a stop to reverse direction again repeating an endless cycle as long as the distance of a kilometer to as short as well over trillions of times in a second.

Quantum physics interoperation is different. Atomic particles just jump in fixed steps in a Planck length every second. The reciprocal of the minus value is the number of times in a second. ( 40 decimal zeros 628 becomes 628, 40 zero number times per second.)

Electron microscopes worth a lot of money see things on a human body cell scale close up and personal. This is Nano technology, Nano- from the standard metric system for a thousand millionth of a meter which is only 9 decimal zeros and 1.Take away 6 zeros for a millimeter. Each human cell is made up of the molecules our bodies made of. The molecules in turn are made up of atoms. The masses ( how much they will weigh ) are a little under a few Picograms. Pico another standard metric system prefix for a billionth of a meter in length, kilogram in weight, seconds of time, and Joules in energy (12 decimal zeros and 1 ).

We can see the contrast if we do the math's on a Planck scale. 43 minus 12 equals 31 decimal zeros of a picometer. The reciprocal of Planck scale tells us 626 on the left of 40 zeros a 43 positive number. Like the light constant is value nothing in the universe can be a bigger number. The closest we are familiar with is a billion which is only 1 and 12 zeros by the British and Americans 9 . But some of us are familiar with numbers a few zeros more as much as 24. It is rear for 25 digit number let a lone 43.

Operating on the principle of a minus Planck second if multiplied by the same number the positive value results in 1 second. Applied to time, mass energy and length is a Planck scale one positive value and the other negative value a reciprocal of each other.

The idea represents the radius of the singularity on a minus Planck scale value the mass would no heavier in the positive value say in solar masses for example. The universe we view at sub light speed would be no slower than the positive value to move the same distance we view in a second.

If we accelerate to a high speed on the earth's surface we soon know about it. We feel a force weighing us down Einstein described as a gravitational equivalence we call a G-force theses days. It's telling us Isaac Newton's law of force and motion "where there is a force ( in the acceleration ) there is an equal and opposite force" in this case pulling us back property the property of mass in motion expressed as the inertia of acceleration.

Einstein said as velocity increases mass becomes infinite at light speed. Sounds familiar to most of us believing in the pressure deep inside black holes. But as light speed has a terminal velocity everything else from length to time is equally terminated to a Planck scale constant. This means inside a black hole. We can say the radius of a singularity a Planck length the gravitation force in a inward crushing pressure on the same scale only mass in the positive value of the singularity itself.

Considering a mass at the positive value of the Planck constant the G-force property of light speed would be way-way beyond anybody could handle. World war 2 dive bombers risked black outs from the stress of vertical 3 or 4 100mph dive bombing G-force runs.

The weight of a table tennis ping pong ball rest on the surface of earth if accelerated to light speed in a vacuum for example would weigh as much as a supper tanker in less than a second. Under the pressure of 10,000,080,000,000kmph it would be so heavy it folds in on itself crushed and pulverized into a perfect sphere to the size of a atom.

What's more the heat we feel in bicycle pump pumping up a tire is not from friction. It's from the tire pressure. Pressure generates heat. We don't need friction to generate a huge amount. The heat generated in a vacuum of particle accelerators come close to a Planck constant in the positive scale that would melt sold 1 tone steel balls to an atom in less than a second.

Imagine a line up of a million basket balls each a100cm apart forming a perfect square at the foot of a tall sky scraper viewed from the top floor. Each one represents the standard model of the atom.

knowledge of the atom is school boy knowledge these days. They are believed to be mostly empty space some even believe on principle suggests mater made of nothing at all. To some of us seems rather a crazy and bazaar belief to say the lest. Consider this. Imagine a line up of a million basket balls each a100cm apart forming a perfect square at the foot of a tall sky scraper viewed from the top floor. Each one represents the standard model of the atom. The details of the empty spaces between each ball disappear with height into a solid square. In fact we can easily see parts of letters painted on each ball as whole letters as words we can read as a full statement. Imagine the perimeter of a wire fence viewed though binoculars several kilometers away the same trick as the dense looking galaxies in photos each wire link representing a string of the string theory expressed as M theory. M doesn't stand in for any particular word for describing string theory. It's just a name given to the string theory. Photos of galaxies as very dense but even the densest center are made up of millions individual stars that are at lest light years of empty spaces apart. The milky way on a clear night is only a part of a galaxy our sun belongs made up of over 90% empty thousands of light years space between every star. Typical desk top wallpaper image in a bitmap (bmp) draw or paint program zoomed to maximum becomes a fuzzy even a confused jumble of colored blocks called pixilated. A high definition video at maximum zoom has the same effect. Digital TV Inference has a similar effect. In other words when zoomed large we notice a marked determination in quality preferring to view well below maximum zoom. If we zoom in a smaller picture the picture becomes even better. Slightly smaller to avoid obviously to small for large screen enthusiasts has better quality than at 100% in size. Measuring the sizes a common School ruler will measure the width of a typical news paper sheet thickness a micrometer. The edge looks sharp by the naked eye. A million sheets will make a pile a meter high. Examined by a toy magnifying glass we can just barely see the beginnings of a fluffy edge. A human hair is smaller still. Plucking a hair even holding it up against light it's very difficult to see in front of our faces. A single strand even in light is practically invisible. Try recognizing the hair from a distance of a meter. If it's invisible it's not there is not necessarily true. The hair is only to tiny to see with the naked eye at a distance. Examined under a toy microscope disappears into a bundle of mountainous fluff but still recognizable as a human hair or the edge of a news paper sheet. Under the zoom of a microscope worth a lot of money becomes an unrecognizable wide mountain range world smooth surfaces to the naked eye and low zoom look magnified thousands of times. A million times closer we can't see the human hair is made up of molecules. The zoom in not enough to see the molecules let a lone the atoms. All we see is a close up confused mountain range of fluff at best.  These scopes can at lest zoom in enough to show tiny animals jiggling about in a fluid that cause the common cold but still not enough for the molecule details. This is the realm of nanotecnology the size of our body cells.  Our body cells are a 1,000 times as small as micrometer, a or thousand million times a meter and they are living things. In number terms a nanometer is 9 decimal zeros and 1 ( 0000000001 ) of a meter or 000000 of centimeter 3 zeros of a micrometer. ( 000.1um ) still not zoomed in enough to examine the molecule make up. To see the molecule make up in detail we need to zoom in at lest another 1,000 times closer, a Picometer, a billionth of a meter or a millionth of a micrometer ( in other words 0000000000001m, 0000000001cm 0000001mm and 0001um ). What we would observe of a drop water would be a whole city size of trillions of fluffy blurs. To see the detail we would need to zoom in another 1,000 times. At this zoom the drop appears not to exist as we know it any more. It resembles fluffy spheres of dancing sparkling energy circling other spheres of dancing sparkling energy. We zoom in for a closer closer to observe more detail.  Suddenly everything disappears into nothing. To our surprise the energetic spheres have disappeared. To double check things we zoom back and observe the furry sparkling spheres again. We zoom in for another look and sure enough they have indeed disappeared at this point. We'd expected to see what was causing the sparkling instead find a black void. We though we would at lest been able to observe the details of a hydrogen atom. We'd expected to have seen an orbiting sphere racing round another sphere but they are nowhere to be seen. They only thing we can think of are invisible not unlike magnetic fields gravity and black holes are as invisible.  Hydrogen atoms are the simplest of all atoms. If we viewed any other atom they would have been a cloud like an atmosphere. If we zoomed in for a closer look the atmosphere completely disappears. The atmospheres are made up of invisible energy called called electrons orbiting a huge cluster of large center. To see the details we need zoom back up, only to observe the orbiting electron cloud hiding the center energies. If we zoom in by half we'd observe the sparkling of fogy spheres disappearing and reappearing as if by magic. Any closer details completely disappear. We had found the threshold of zoom. If we could zoom even further without disappearing to nothing the space between the disappearing and reappearing dancing rings begin to widen dramatically looking liking as wide as the space between the planets of our solar system. Any closer the entire disappearing and reappearing dance of the entire orbits a galaxy across orbiting huge energy spheres equally disappearing and reappearing dancing round each other called protons and neutrons. It is as if each electron tunnels though the empty void into another orbit  A close cousin to electrons although evidence suggests not a apart of the orbital structure called neutrinos that appear to be faster than light. Never the less every electron look like identical clones of each other we will be unable to tell apart similar to 1,000s of the same brand same size and paten and color basket balls from each each other.  When an electron disappears from a orbit we can't tell where it has reappeared to because every electron is identical doing the same thing. A single electron as any other can be any one anywhere. The point is as each electron disappears it reappears in another orbit quantum physicists termed quantum jumping.  The end result of looking identical electrums appear to be in the same places at the same time each as if in different place at the same time. Since every electron in the universe is identical to every other, an electron in this part of the universe will appear as if the same electron clear across the other side of the universe. Indeed every corner of the universe. This identical characteristic can be the root of what happens to electrons one side of the universe almost identical patens every part of the universe at the same time. It's possible worlds with parallel physics to our world all over the universe. The whole universe and us is made up of this quantum jumping dance of point particles. This means as electrons are identical would seem like an identical dance this part of the world would seem nearly identical the other side of the world indeed the whole universe in this state of this quantum dancing at the same time. After noting the characteristics of the disappearing and reappearing electrons rings turning our attention zooming in for a closer look at the nucleus we observe the protons and neutrons fused in each others orbits. Electrons look like tiny moons in a vast open space compared to our sun compassion. When we zoom in for a closer look we find spheres of energy locked together in a equally disappearing and reappearing dance. It should be mentioned kilometer long circular tunnels have been constructed ( particle accelerators ) where point particles have collided closet to light speed uncovered partials, particle physicists given names, up and down Quarks, neurons, to Gluons only to name a few. Higs boson recently identified as the glue that holds the entire nucleus together. It takes near light speed collisions to knock the nucleus apart releasing energy that has been recorded equal to the surface of the sun. As we zoom in further for a closer look we observe the spheres start to take on the shape of 100's of sided octagon soccer ball paten geometry. The sphere is no longer smooth but what look like made up of a 100's of trillion side octagon sphere. With an inquisitive closer look once were once smooth spheres of energy have turned out to be made up of the independently vigorously vibrating cubes.  As we zoom in for a closer look at a cub it's vigorously vibrating distorting in and out with a huge amount of energy. Curious we look to neighboring sphere check only to observe distance smooth spheres in empty space everywhere like planets and stars. Turning our attention back to the vibrating cubs we are several trillion times smaller than a human hair width, a Planck length, 30 decimal zeros 628 long or 43 decimal zeros 628 of a meter. Measuring the perimeter of the vibrations we find on the plank scale sense a cubic meter, that is to say a meter long, a meter wide and a meter tall a perfect cube. Every cube is distorting in an out, up to10 dimensions on a Planck scale time of our normal second resulting in the sphere doing so as a whole. The same number represents the number of cubs of this many side octagon sphere. Planck is not an infinite number. It is finite projecting no infinite value in any Planck time, the maximum frequency of each vibrating cube. In other words the math's of the Planck tells us it is a maximum constant. In terms of the metric system prefix units well over a trillion Gighertz. The cubs of the many sided sphere don't vibrate any faster. Such a high frequency may well be when the each cube of the miulty cubed sphere vibrate at light speed. After all light itself hasn't a momentum any faster than it is despite a zero resistance in any vacuum. Never the less particle accelerators have indicated evidence of a particle called an neutrino that hints at traveling faster. Just how much physicists are not yet saying.

Everything is in a permanent state of motion way-way beyond the motions we normally experience on the surface of earth.

Most of us as a child have played with sighting a whole house or car fitted inside a key hole. We have all seem a jet aircraft high up and a long way off seem to float in mid air even when we know the minimum stalling speed is well in excess of 250kmph. Passengers don't notice the velocity of the plan despite traveling an average of over 700kmph.

From our point view a stationary high overcast appears motionless but travel on average about 20km ( about 12 and a half mph ).Doing the math's it travels 20km by the time a one hour TV program moving over our heads about 5 and a half meters every second..

Distance is what makes stars at night seem motionless. Despite the rotation of earth we don't observe them move a millimeter at any given moment in time. What's more we don't even observe the changing transition of day into night and night into day.


From a speeding train window we watch hills move agonizingly slow while the immediate railway siding flash by in a blur. Distance distorts the relativity of motion.

Walking to us is a motion on the surface of earth. Traveling the length of a country is straight line. The surface of the earth is so huge we don't notice the country curving with the earth. Squaring in a country on a cid map on a globe the curvature will distort the lines that do not measure up the same angles as a perfectly flat.

Walking to us is a motion on the surface of earth. Traveling the length of a country is straight line. The surface of the earth is so huge we don't notice the country curving with the earth. Squaring in a country on a cid map on a globe the curvature will distort the lines that do not measure up the same angles as a perfectly flat.

We all notice walking is a motion on the surface of earth. An orbiting space station doesn't need to slow for an astronaut to step out of a hatch. Try that from a car traveling less than a kmph on the surafce of earth. In the space walk astronauts doesn't notice thing at a velocity well in excess of a few 1,000s kmph. Our galaxy is moving at that kind of velocity taking our sun with it, it dragging our solar system with it. Nowhere in space is there an absolute stationary. Everything is in a permanent state of motion way-way beyond the motions we normally experience on the surface of earth.

Think of the shear stress we would experience 0 to a distance of a160km ( 100miles ) in a second on the surface of the earth, a routine velocity lunched in space from a space station. What would we observe of the environment on earth if we accelerated the distance to a stop in a second? In doing so we would be in a situation where we moved a 160km distance a second into the future where we left off. Anybody into challenging mathematics will find math's will be at a loss to project the kmph velocity.

Most of us assume only light speed can alter time. Considering the extremely high acceleration rate the latter and to come to a stop whiten that distance whiten a second something of time must give.

Light speed has always be a pivotal property of time travel. It travels a distance of just under 300,000km by the time we say "One thousand and one" the distance light travels in second, a light second. It is the maximum distance it travels in that time. It does not travel any further. Despite no resistance in vacuum it is at it's maximum momentum velocity. The momentum is not any faster. In cosmological terms the time light takes to reach the earth from the nearest star our sun is only a mere 8 light minuets away.

Momentum is terminated to that velocity we often express free falling sky divers maximum speed limit the earth's gravity cannot accelerate any faster. The light we see now is how the sun was 8 minutes ago. Light that had this very second left the sun we will see 8 minutes into the future. In other words the sunlight we see now is what the was 8 minutes ago every second. Challenging math's I'm sure the time light reaches the other planets can be projected.

A light second we live by is a sub light speed velocity. Light speed itself is just under 300,000 times greater. In other words by the same light speed value. Mathematics projects the reciprocal is the 3 relocated to the right of the same number of zeros in the minus scale of a second light travels a kilometer. In other words a kilometer 300,000th second or referencing to the standard metric system prefix unit 30 milliseconds. If we apply a meter 300 millionth of a second or 30 microseconds. Each time we walk a meter per second light is 30 microseconds of time.

If we travel at light speed we are traveling 300,000,000 times as fast as a second

Some of us believe time slows down at light speed which means we need to accelerate to light speed to get to light the velocity.

By the time a child understands the time we say "One thousand and one" is a second, they soon become pretty good at judging they walked a meter in that time. If we do the math's on this 3.6kmph. Since there is a 1,000 meters in a kilometer, by that time light had traveled 300 million meters. A light second is a 300 million to one ratio.

If another doubles their velocity covers 2 meters in the same time would be a ratio of 2 to 1. Triple the velocity 3 to 1, 4 times faster 4 to 1, 5 times faster 5 to 1 and so on. If we do the math's on 5 times faster based on a distance of 5 meters in a second would be a distance of 18,000 meters by the time a one hour TV program, a distance of 18km or in terms of kmph 18

Theoretically since most of us believe the faster we go the slower time goes then there is no reason why not time should speed up equally when we slow down from light speed..

The point is the minute and hour hands appear to be frozen in time at any given moment the second hand is moving. They are to slow to observe moving. Like wise the reciprocal of light speed tells us viewing from light speeds point of view the universe should be traveling 300,000 times as slow alight second.


Correspondingly we are viewing the universe at sub light speed is speeded up in relation to viewing it at a light speed point of view. If we reference from a light speed point of view the slower we go the faster time speeds up. From our point of view a clock our environment's second cannot go any faster than the moving hand past every division where light cannot travel faster than a meter in 30 microseconds because light cannot travel faster than 300,000,000 meters in a second.

If we were to view the second hand slowed down in time we'd normally observe the minute hand math's projects we would be 60 times faster than the environment second. From a observers point of view we would be a minute into the future every second.

From our point of view the environments second would be a minute long. In other words for every minute we observe the environment only a second. In other words a minute as fast as the environment the second has been stretched into the minute.

The reciprocal of a minute is a minute divided by 60 seconds. In other words we would be traveling in parallel with 60th environment second.

knowledge of the atom is school boy knowledge these days. They are believed to be mostly empty space some even believe on principle suggests mater made of nothing at all. To some of us seems rather a crazy and bazaar belief to say the lest. Consider this.


Imagine a line up of a million basket balls each a100cm apart forming a perfect square at the foot of a tall sky scraper viewed from the top floor. The details of the empty spaces between each ball disappear with distance into a smooth square. In fact we can easily see parts of letters painted on each ball forming whole letters then words into clear full sentences.

Imagine the perimeter of a wire fence vied though binoculars several kilometers away the same trick with far away galaxies. We know they are made up of millions individual stars that are light year of empty spaces apart. We understand the true meaning of mostly empty of a galaxy the we view the milky way on a clear night is only a part of a galaxy our sun belongs is over 90% empty space.

Typical desk top wallpaper image in a bitmap (bmp) draw or paint program zoomed to maximum becomes a bit fuzzy even a confused jumble of colored blocks called pixilated. A high definition video at maximum zoom has the same effect. In other words when zoomed large we notice a marked determination in quality preferring to view well below maximum zoom. If we zoom in smaller the picture becomes even better. Slightly smaller to avoid obviously to small for large screen enthusiasts has better quality than at 100% in size.

Measuring the sizes a common School ruler will measure the width of a typical news paper sheet thickness a micrometer. The edge looks sharp by the naked eye. A million sheets will make a pile a meter high. Examined by a toy magnifying glass we can just barely see the beginnings of a fluffy edge. A human hair is smaller still.

Plucking one even holding it up against light it's very difficult to see in front of our faces. A single strand even in light is practically invisible. Try recognizing the hair from a distance of a meter. If it's invisible it's not there is not necessarily true. The hair is only to tiny to see with the naked eye at a distance.

Examined under a toy microscope disappears into a bundle of mountainous fluff but still recognizable as a human hear or the edge of a news paper sheet. Under the zoom of a microscope worth a lot of money becomes an unrecognizable wide mountain range world smooth surfaces to the naked eye and low zoom look magnified thousands of times.

A million times closer we can't see the human hair is made up of molecules. The zoom in not enough to see the molecules let a lone the atoms. All we see is a close up confused mountain range of fluff at best.

These scopes can at lest zoom in enough to show tiny animals jiggling about in a fluid that cause the common cold but still not enough for the molecule details. This is the realm nanotecnology the diameter of our body cells.

Our body cells are a 1,000 times as small as micrometer across, a thousand million times a meter and they are living things. In number terms a nanometer is 9 decimal zeros and 1 ( 0000000001 ) of a meter or 000000 of centimeter 3 zeros of a micrometer. ( 000.1um ) still not zoomed in enough to examine the molecule make up.

To see the molecule make up in detail we need to zoom in at lest another 1,000 times closer, a Picometer, a billionth of a meter or a millionth of a micrometer ( in other words 0000000000001m, 0000000001cm 0000001mm and 0001um ). What we would observe of a drop water would be a whole city size of trillions of fluffy blurs. To see the detail we would need to zoom in another 1,000 times.

At this zoom the drop appears not exist as we know it any more. It resembles fluffy spheres of dancing sparkling energy circling other spheres of dancing sparkling energy. We zoom in for a closer closer to observe more detail.

Suddenly everything disappears into nothing. To our surprise the energetic spheres have disappeared. To double check things we zoom back and observe the furry sparkling spheres again.

We zoom in for another look and sure enough they have indeed disappeared at this point. We'd expected to see what was causing the sparkling instead find a black void. We though we would at lest been able to observe the details of a hydrogen atom. We'd expected to have seen an orbiting sphere racing round another sphere but they are nowhere to be seen. They only thing we can think of are invisible not unlike magnetic fields gravity and black holes are as invisible.

Hydrogen atoms are the simplest of all atoms. If we viewed any other atom they would have been a cloud like an atmosphere. If we zoomed in for a closer look the atmosphere completely disappears. The atmospheres are made up of invisible energy called called electrons orbiting huge center. To see the details we need zoom back up, only to observe the orbiting electron cloud hiding the center energies.

If we zoom in by half we'd observe the sparkling of fogy spheres disappearing and reappearing as if by magic. Any closer details completely disappear. We had found the threshold of zoom.

If we could zoom even further without disappearing to nothing the space between the disappearing and reappearing dancing rings begin to widen dramatically looking liking as wide as the space between the planets of our solar system. Any closer the entire disappearing and reappearing dance of the entire orbits a galaxy across ringing huge energy spheres equally disappearing and reappearing dancing round each other called protons and neutrons. It is as if each electron tunnels though the empty void into another orbit

A close cousin to electrons although evidence suggests not a apart of the orbital structure called neutrinos that appear to be faster than light. Never the less every electron look like identical clones of each other we will be unable to tell apart similar to 1,000s of the same brand same size and paten and color basket balls from each each other.

When an electron disappears from an orbit we can't tell where it has reappeared to because every electron is identical doing the same thing. A single electron as any other can be any one anywhere. The point is as each electron disappears it reappears in another orbit quantum physicists termed quantum jumping.

The end result of looking identical electrums appear to be in the same places at the same time each as if in different place at the same time. Since every electron in the universe is identical to every other, an electron in this part of the universe will appear as if the same electron clear across the other side of the universe. Indeed every corner of the universe.

This identical characteristic can be the root of what happens to electrons one side of the universe almost identical patens every part of the universe at the same time. It's possible worlds with parallel physics to our world all over the universe.

The whole universe and us is made up of this quantum jumping dance. An electron dance this part of the world would have identical dancing effect the other side of the world indeed the whole universe in a state of this quantum dancing at the same time.

After noting the characteristics of the disappearing and reappearing electrons rings turning our attention in zooming in closer to the nucleus we observe the protons and neutrons fused in each others orbits. Electrons look like tiny moons compared to our sun in compassion.

When we zoom in for a closer look we find spheres of energy locked together in a equally disappearing and reappearing dance.

It should be mentioned kilometer long circular tunnels have been constructed ( particle accelerators ) where atomic particles have collided closet to light speed have uncovered partials, particle physicists have given names, up and down Quarks, neurons, to Gluons only to name a few Higs boson recently identified as the glue that holds the entire nucleus together. It takes nearlight speed collisions to knock the nucleus apart releasing energy that has been recorded equal to the surface of the sun.

It is believed if a black hole spins at the speed of light there will be enough centrifugal force to open a aperture forming a ring of a wormhole entrance space ships can safely enter exiting the other end into another universe.

Although seems a logical assumption there are laws of circular motion that tell us it is not as simple as that. So what are they?.

Lets review Alert Einstein's general theory of relativity on gravitational equlelence NSA has been using for the last several decades training astronauts in weightlessness Einstein predicted a 100years ago. If a plan nose dives fast enough trainees astronauts lift off the floor frolicking about in weightless fun.

As Einstein put it motion cancels gravity. In effect the fuselage had become an antigravity device. The opposite holds true.

If the plane climbs upwards fast enough the floor will seem to press against them pinning the astronauts to it as if a stronger gravity.

Einstein must have understood Isaac Newtown's "Were there is a force, ( causing a velocity ) there is a equal and opposite force applied" law. Take a straight line acceleration from 0 to a distance of a 100 miles in a second. ( For those into challenging mathematics how many kmph is that? ).

What would it be like to dash a distance of a 100 miles to stop in a second?

We don't need to be Einstein's to immediately think of G-force. Experience the acceleration of a few kilograms of weight pulling us back into our seats in Rolla coaster is enough to tell us that rides defined as the force of motion pulling back on acceleration. In other words resisting acceleration called inertia. Imagine the "Gs" traveling on a light speed scale.

The opposite applies when we come to a sudden stop. As we stop this force equally resists deceleration pulling us forward. We experience a few kilograms of weight pulling us on in all sudden high speed stops. Newtown's "where there is a force there is a equal and opposite opposing force" law is the key to Einstein's gravitational equivalence in a straight line velocity.

When we ride a marry go round we are riding on the outside edge were most of the force will be because of the distance going round as if the same as the straight line in an endless loop. Fast enough we would experience a few kilograms of weight trying to pull us off. But in the center the distance to circle is smaller where we experience lot less. In a run away emergency can be the place to retreat to.

Reveiwing this shows the center of circling motion has less force than the edge because of distance the motion circles

We can't imagine any marry go rounds faster  than we imagine without realizing the circling G-force ripping apart throwing everything off. If we ride in the very center we will not feel as much force.

If we have a pin in the center of a spinning cardboard sphere with objects placed various spaces apart the pin will experience virtually no force at all. Each object experience more force than the nearest each towards the edge. The first ones to be effected will be the outer edge ones. To throw off the inner orbiting objects we have to increase speed.

Anybody who knows the geometry of circles well will be familiar with what is call ( pie ) pi. that can be applied calculate the circle of circling motion

Bear in mind black hole are spheres of pure gravity at the very center smaller than a particle of the atom weighing well over trillions of times stronger than the gravitational pull ( mass ) of our sun.

If we review the geometry try this experiment. Cut a piece of string round a ball, cut to size and open the string to a straight line. Measuring the length of the string equals the circumference of the ball showing when a straight line is curved into a circle equals the same circumference of the ball. In other words all straight lines are an reflection of the circumference of all circles that equal to the circumference of all spheres.

If we measure a piece of string round a can ( a cylinder ) cut to size opening to a straight line we measuring across the can, we can use division to divide the length of the string by the diameter always end up with the pi value. The diameter of a sphere is no different when we take the inside.

No matter the diameter ill always be a constant 3.142 and is always accurate to three decimal places. In other words Pi to an accuracy of 3 decimal places equals circumference over diameter.

It is no coincidence we can line up the string across the inside any sphere, once, twice three times with a little bit more left over about about a 7th. A pen and paper or any two dollar calculator will show pi equals 1 divide 7 add 3. ( 3.142857 respectively ). Once again accurate to 3 decimal places Thus Pi not only equals circumference over diameter, also 3 plus 1 over 7

Calculators tell us the decimal value as far as the screen allows means the decimal value is never ending. Mathematicians have been trying to find the end of the value for centuries. You'll find Gunnies book of record entries of individuals who have recited pi to thousands of decimal places off the top of their heads. In our case case we normally round off to a couple of about two places to the nearest.

The following since matching strings on drawn on paper to represent across a sphere is hard to do the best bet is to arrange pins round the rim of the circumference as guides.

Using the law of mathematics we can apply to any straight line when rolled into a circle divided by pi Rechecking the diameter of a can will agree across a sphere of the same circumference. Circle diameters equals straight lines over pi

We can use the law of mathematics from another angle to determine the straight line of a circumference opened to a straight line. Straight lines equals diameter times pi We can look at another angle were pi times the diameter

Like clock arms from the center to the edge of the circle is a radius. Spheres are no different when from the center to the inside edge

Light is not a flat plane. It is a spherical volume spread out across the entire universe in just under a distance of 300,000km in every direction per second. Under such circumstances It is hard to imagine light bent into a loop. The only thing we can imagine is a complete distortion of of the volume of the light second.

The only thing in the universe that could possibly distort light like that is a black hole. Light needs to travel to our eyes in a form a straight line perspective to see it. So if it's bent into a circle it's not traveling in a straight but the volume shrunk into a sphere not traveling to our eyes. We should not see thing except remarkably like a black hole.

We can not only apply all the pi formulae to measure the radius of a sphere but also the entire sum of the spinning sphere measuring the full revolution though time as we do with earth in a 24 hour period in this case the volume of a black hole on alight speed scale.

Knowing the length of a radius the diameter can be found by doubling the length times pi giving the circumference of the circle and correspondingly a circumference of the sphere.

Quantum Physics tells us the radius in the center of a black hole ( the singularity ) cannot be any shorter than a Planck length. A Planck length is 30 decimal zeros 628. It seems mind boggling well over a trillion times smaller than the thickness of a human hair. In other words black holes are not infinitely dense with a zero volume most people believe. They arte are finite things.

Universe books and web page images illustrating black holes in photographic style is misleading as we don't see any black disc of the sort only observe the effects of a gravitational effect on light. The black disc makes them look 1,000,000s of km across to the scale to the space image. The edges is only the closest we can get to illustrate where light disappears called the event horizon. Since we cannot see black holes the closest we can come to measuring the size can only be speculated any unusual light behavior we happen to observe.

Because of the unbelievable tiny size of the singularity, the extent of the diameter of the event horizon can only be a speculation that is determined only by the behavior of light.