Thursday, May 17, 2012

How cold is a black hole?

Black holes are the legendary odyssey of the universe. The dominant characteristic is gravity believed to be the gravitational remains of dead stars thousands of times larger than our sun the center smaller than an atom but strong enough to capture a 100% of light.

Some of us believe our sun could be a black hole one day but it doesn't work like that. Size matters. The current size of our star it's gravity just won't cut it to collapse into a black hole. Too small mass meaning the gravity is not strong enough for that sort og thing.

Despite the zero resistance of open space it's light travels a distance of just under 300 thousand kilometers by the time we say "One thousand and one". It can't go any faster. The shinning light is it's maximum speed limit. But it can't escape a black hole gravity. For all we know the escape velocity from could be anything faster for light to escape.

However as early as the early1990's particle accelerators have shown evidence of particles called Neutrinos that travel faster than light. They don't react to matter or gravity and if travel beyond light speed pass right though the earth in less than a second as it wasn't there. If they are fast enough may be able to escape a black hole. Who knows? It can go a long way to some of the numerous speculations surrounding Hawking radiation from black holes.

Most of us believe the gravity is infinite crushing everything out of existence. At school we were all taught matter can not be destroyed only changed to a different form obeying the mater and energy conservation law. If black holes are a fitting exception to matter and energy cannot be destroyed, then "not to a black hole it's not"! The secrete is deciding if black hole is an exception or not.

Another exception is the gravity our own star the sun. The sun holds the farthest body in our solar system Pluto in stable orbit all that distance in real time. A key point points out light takes just under 8 minutes to reach earth let a lone all the way to Pluto. Our star is constantly in a state of high velocity dragging the entire solar system with itself orbiting in a rapidly whirling galaxy. They may seem stationary but in space there is no such thing as stationary motion.

What would Isaac Newton have said if a student dared to ask if he had figured out the velocity of gravity. The only answer we can all think of there isn't any which puts gravity in a unknown velocity category. We can only cover our bases for the time being until proven otherwise infinite. We have a new law that says "Nothing can exceed the speed of light" adding "except gravity".

If we believe nothing can exist in a black hole not even time, think of this. Nothing can be frozen any colder than minis 273 digress Celsius or more accurately 273.15.

If the nothing can exist inside is to be believed not even temperature shouldn't. It should be infinitely cold. In keeping with the characteristics of a clasping gravity imagine a liter of water viper infinitely frozen in less than a second. It is hard to imagine a coldness minus 2,730 trillion digress Fahrenheit et a lone way-way beyond infinite.

Scientists don't use the every day Celsius and Fahrenheit scale but what they use is a Kelvin scale. Minus Kelvin doesn't exist because it is a coldness a few ( pronounced mill lee digress ) millidigress ( 0001) above 273 .15 digress Celsius the point in which all atomic activity ceases. The secrete to what's in a black hole then when matter is cold enough ( frozen water for example ) at 0 Kelvin. It has been done in a laboratory observing matter something quite different. Imagine anything with zero atomic energy.

If coldness of a black hole follows the infinite characteristics we assume we can always divide 0 Kelvin by an unlimited number of times making minus Kelvin well over trillions of trillions of decimal zeros and beyond. 0 Kelvin is the maximum cold temperature where atomic energy ceases to exist putting something of a finite limit inside a black hole.

Cosmology calls the temperature inside black holes a characteristic of Entropy. The definition is hard to pin down in their context as it is not a common word we find in school dictionaries except to say means decay. For example think of the time an immaculate abandoned house to decay to a unrecognizable heap of rubble. Everything starts in good order but time tells to a state of disrepair to finally collapsing into a chaotic mess. The faster it falls apart is said to be high Entropy and the slower the lower the Entropy. Due the questionable nature of the temperature inside black holes are said to be Entropic in nature although be it extremely low.

Believing time is meaningless inside a black hole a trillion centuries on earth could easily pass in less than a second to a faded to nothing is an example.

So how cold are black holes and if there is no exception matter cannot be destroyed what has happened matter that has falling into black holes? What is currently in them?

Take light for example. It travels a distance of just under 300 thousand kilometers ( 186 thousand miles) by the time we say "One thousand and one." every second. We can walk a meter in that time and is the time the second hand of a clock moves a division. As there is a thousand meters in a kilometer light travels a million meters by the time we walk one meter in every second.

Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity explores traveling in parallel with light. We are 300,000 times as fast as we'd normally view the universe at sub a light speed scale. We'd think we'd view light as traveling in parallel with us viewing light as if stationary while the universe appears to travel at light speed.

Math's projects the reciprocal of 300,000 times faster than sub light speed we would observe the universe 300,000 times as slow. In other words math's projects we would observe 300,000 seconds to travel the same distance we'd normally observe traveling at sub light speed. If we keep doing the math's 300,000 seconds is just under a long weekend long or in other words observing the universe on a light speed scale will appear to travel 3km/s.

Light is made up of particles called photons vigorously vibrating with energy. According to classical physics each photon should accelerate and slow down to a stop to reverse direction accelerating again slowing down to a stop to reverse direction repeating the cycle believed to be about a few hundred billion times a second.

Quantum physics tells us a different story though. Quantum mechanics is the physics of the very tiny not just atoms but even smaller then the individual particles that make them up. Evidence of the particles of light called photons jump though the dimensions of space and time a distance of 43 decimal zeros 6, 2, 6 of a meter every second called a Planck length. 0.000000000001 of a meter micrometer only 12 zeros about the thickness of a piece of paper. Nanotechnology is 10 times as small the size of our body cells 15 decimal zeros of a meter. Another way to put that is 0.01 of a micrometer.

Scientific notation for such large decimal fractions is expressed as 10 to the minus a shorthand notation 10 with a little take away sign just to the right of the 10 in meters to micrometers. 10 to the minus 43 meter is 10 to the minus 36 micrometer respectively.

Both Isaac Newtown and Albert Einstein's opinion's agree gravity is an inward pull force direction the difference being Newton believed though an action at a distance between two body's and Einstein due to curved space. Who ever heard of gravity that pulls bodies in both directions.

Einstein's general theory suggests it is plausible a black hole in one part of the universe and another far away in another both sinking deep wells in space would link up with one another.

The most popular scenario is a transverse wormhole. Everybody assumes an input and output direction. Think for a minute the view points of each universe at each end of a wormhole. From each end stand point is an input and the other end an output. It's easy to assume gravity of the output ends pulls space though the vertex while the input ends shrink space though. In other words a push pull wormhole depending on which direction point of view to each universe. In other words we stereo type wormholes to fit according to our view point.

Wormholes have been thought of as and in and output direction. Is it possible for both ends to be an go "in" and come "out" when ever it pleases to which universe we observe the opening?

Can we visit a universe entering one end and out the other and return though the same wormhole? It might be possible providing the original is collapsed to recreate a new direction.

Most of us believe time has stopped inside black holes because of the belief gravity slows time. People on the top floor of a city sky scrapper for example are further away from the earth's center of gravity. Time there is weighed down more than the top floor. Up there with less gravity people are in a dimension time running faster age a few microseconds faster than street level.

According to Newtown we can measure the difference by his inverse square law principle knowing the distance a person from ground level and assuming what ever the elevator between floors speed is. Lets assume for argument sake a floor per second assuming we involve the factor building designs meters per floor. How high is every floor? We can assume the average height of a human and entering any architectural meters per floor used in the building that determines the meters in for every floor the elevator travels.

Mathematics can make things very interesting if we play round with numbers for fun up to as many floors aw we like per second. Imagine the G-force worked out from ground level to the 100th floor by the time we say one thousand and one.

When a person ascends toward street level they constantly move into the stronger gravitational presence all the time. They age slower and slower to finally street level catches up. And so to when astronauts travel back to earth they age slower and slower till sea level catches up. If a person travels millions of kilometers away from earth we cannot escape the fact influenced by the combined gravitational field all over the universe. So exploring the universe our age will be constantly changing slower the closer we get to any gravitational field and age faster when we leave them.

Some of us believe if an astronaut is caught on the edge of the event horizon will look as if they are suspended in time for ever. From the astronaut's point of view would probably observe a few dozen trillion centuries of the universe pass in a second before he dies of being ripped apart by the singularity. In other words looking from our our point of view it would take a few dozen trillion centuries to be torn apart.

According to Einstein's general theory on the surface of the earth, 0 to 80kmph (50mph) in less than a few seconds would be an impressive acceleration. In the straight line experience we would feel a force weighing us back into our seats we express as G-force ("G's"). Albert Einstein realized it is related to gravity just as a James Clark Maxwell realized magnetism is related to electricity in all electrical devices where magnetic fields generate electricity and electricity generates magnet fields, in the case of motion the G-force properties expressed as a gravitational equivalence. We feel the G-force properties in Rolla Coaster trains hitting tight corners with out slowing down.

However it is a different story in space. The laws of force an motion doesn't seem to apply in space as it does on the surface of the earth for example. If we lunch a body in space it doesn't seem to accelerate just drifts.

Actually a body is accelerating 0 to 8 thousand kmph in a second let a lone 800. According to Einstein there is no absolute motion. Considering the speed of the planets in our solar system revolving round our star (sun), the star itself traveling dragging the solar system with it in a revolving galaxy. In other words there is no place in the universe that is absolutely stationary.

In fact if we don't see light all we'd observed the universe as blind person. All we'd observe is the void of an empty blackness. Even if we travel many thousand of kmph would feel as if stationary.

In fact a case in point with the rotation of the earth. We don't feel the spinning. When we look up to the heavens on a clear night we don't observe any sign of the stars arching briskly across the sky not even slowly. We don't feel the earth under our feet rotating.

In fact we don't observe the minuet and hour hands move at any given moment in time. We observe the minute and hour hands of clocks not moving during the course of an hour. They are to slow to observe moving so are stationary in that hour even more pronounced in the course of a day.

Every 12 midnight is a date change into the next day. We do not observe the hour hand move two full circles one from the first second 12 midnight to 12 midday for a.m and the other from 12 midday to the last second 12 midnight for p.m. Adding up all the seconds gives us 86 thousand 400.

We observe the second hand move a full circle we observe the minute hand as stationary. We don't observe the minute hand make a full circle the hour hand moving a division. We certainly never observe the hour hand make a full circle. Except for the second hand we observe all hands stationary during the course of every day.

Since we can perceive every second by the time we say "One thousand and one" we are observing every second as a time of 86,400 times faster than a day. In other words a second is 86,400 multiples of by the time we "One thousand and one" time periods.

If we look at this inversely a day is 86,400 times as slow as a second. Math's points out makes the hour 3,600 and a minute 60 times as slow.

We observe light speed from a sub light speed point of view. But from light speeds point of the would view the sub light speed second would be the reciprocal meaning 300,000 times as slow.

From our point of view time is 300,000km/s but from light speed's point of view is 3km/s. Since light is traveling at it's maximum speed limit time should not be viewed any slower. In other words it's not stopped. Like the minute and hour hands is only to slow to observe moving. In other words an illusion of stopped when viewing time at light speed point of view. Time would appear to be a "minimum" speed limit.

Einstein had predicted in his special theory the gravitational pressure (or G-force as we know it ) at light speed is so great it is infinite preventing light from traveling any faster. The theory had predicted light speed G-force converts matter to energy where math's projects light speed multiplied by itself then multiplied by a mass in Einstein's famous e equals m c squared where e is energy, m is mass (or matter) and c the constant speed of light.

A nuclear explosion occurs on a light speed scale so predicts the energy of an explosive yield. All we need is a milligram of properly processed uranium to yield the heat and energy of a moderate explosion.

When light encounters gravity like the earth for example, it is slowed down. Particularly though the earth's atmosphere slowed further, slowed further though water, class or prisms. Any children's science and technology library book on how light works are excellent sources for reviewing the physics.

Light is stopped dead in it's tracks by sold objects reversing direction accelerating back though the medium out of the earth atmosphere instantly accelerating to it's maximum open space speed limit in a second. If light is slowed down in the earth's gravity we can only imagine how much in a black hole. From a classical physics point of view we'd think light would be completely stopped. Einstein though so. Stationary light speed would be 0km/s thus time

The mathematical evidence provided by the German physicist Max Planck showed the Planck constant is the minimum length of the universe. Length is finite.

Wednesday, May 9, 2012

Gravity. The earth's mass

Gravity can be defined as an energy when we think of the work it does pulling on the mass of bodies .The father of gravity Isaac Newton tells us it's an attractive force at a distance not unlike a magnetic field has on nails at a distance. We feel the work and energy of any magnet as we hover a nail over them tugging at us at a distance. So to the same work and energy of the earth's mass we feel when we lift things not unlike as if someone is pulling the body as we lift defining weight. This means the lifting we feel depends on the sizes of a body. In other words the earth's mass defines it's gravity.


At sea level an inward pull on the atmosphere has been determined as the cumulated force of a kilogram per cubic meter the entire circumference of the earth's surface defined in 9.8N of gravitational force for earth. The mass of the earth is the gravitational constant. Mathematics projects for the moon's gravity sixth less as strong as earth as 5.88N.

Since the earth and moon's masses don't change so to gravitational forces of each body. The force remains the same only the weight of the different masses is different. For example a scale weighing a kilogram mass shows the force of the earth's mass is exactly that. If we do the math's on the surface of the moon the math's projects the scale would show about 83 grams less showing the moon's mass weighs the same 1kg mass as 166 grams.

With all the worlds oceans there must be a horrific amount of weight pressuring the crust. The mass of the earth weighs each tectonic plate heavily on the molten magma beneath our feet displacing it like we displace water in a bath. Earthquakes and volcanic outbursts depend on the movement grinding past or riding over the top of each other either grinding past one other sticking building pressure finally slipping or seduction squeezing the magma like squeezing toothpaste.

The deepest parts of the oceans are closer to the center of the earth's mass crushing the water down there that implode inwards submersibles like a bug. A theory proposed by Albert Einstein in his General theory of relativity the earth's mass shrinks space round it rather like the weight of an apple rapping a piece of paper round itself giving the pulling pressure of the earth's mass.

If we drop a one kilogram of mass (think of a 1kg packet of cheese or butter) from the roof of a very tall sky scrapper the work and energy of the earth's mass accelerates it to a meter in a second. Then it stops accelerating to a constant meter per second defining terminal velocity I like to express as a terminal acceleration. If we do the math's on this 3.6kmph free falling momentum straight down the side of the building to the street bellow.

The earth's mass cannot accelerate it any faster I like to think of as a maximum momentum speed limit. On impact with the ground the 1kg at 3.6kmph impact dissipates though the mass making a mess in the processes. There is enough force to kill and maim any pedestrian in the way stored when it was charged with energy in the initial acceleration. The stored energy in a moving body is called kinetic energy. Since acceleration was terminated to a constant free fall momentum the kinetic energy must have built up and stopped storing to a constant value.

I like to think of the terminal acceleration due to the property of all things in motion called inertia. Before we dropped the 1kg mass we felt the pull of the earth's mass on it. It feels like a anther person pulling on it. expressed as potential energy. Once let go at the end of the first second in a distance of a meter the 1kg had gained weight not mass and stopped charging. In other words during rest of the free fall the kilogram mass was heavier than if at rest the source of the kinetic energy, dramatically demonstrated impacting he street bellow will testify.

In the first second of impact as if a the earth was a bigger mass where all the damage is done to the density of the1kg pack of cheese a, solid steel block or sphere, an apple, a cricket or tennis ball crashing into the foot walk. The solid cricket ball will have enough mass to do quite some considerable with a minimum amount of bouncing while a the air filled basket ball will bounce sky high doing little damage.

In other words air filled bodies have a maximum amount of bounce while solid bodies have minimal bounce They have no where else to go so accelerate straight into the ground. The ground stops them dead in their tracks as the mass is forced to accelerate into the walk. In less than a second accelerates in the reverse direction as if the walk was pushing back.

Acceleration is not a constant. It is changing in time. For our free falling 1kg mass accelerated from zero to a meter in a second means if we break down the second into milliseconds a thousand milliseconds in the distance of a meter. If we do the math's on this a millimeter every millisecond in one second. An acceleration is meters per second every second per second written m/s with a little razed 2 until terminal acceleration where the the acceleration has changed to a constant velocity in a second.

In 1905 Albert Einstein realized this when a though accrued to him a person falling doesn't feel their weight. That lead to the special theory of gravitational equivalence For example think of how NSA has used the principle for decades training astronauts in accelerated nose diving aircraft.

When a plan descends very fast the floor of the fuselage seems to drop away from under the trainees feet where they frolic about in weightless fun. Einstein's special theory is really describing acceleration as antigravity. the opposite is true.

When a plan ascends skyward fast enough the floor seems to press on the occupants in the fuselage pressing them on it as if a stronger gravity. The plane had become a gravity generator. But what about the person feeling weightless during free fall? Sky divers feel the force of the mass of the earth pulling on them in the first second they jump as a falling a accelerated sensation. But as the sensation only lasts a second they dismiss it and assume they are weightless. Colliding with the ground without a Para shoot testifies nothing of the sort. The force of the decent forces their body to keep going into the ground. For a brief second they feel as if the they were at rest on a far bigger planet.

Einstein had discovered the gravitational equivalence as the result of mass in motion. Newtown's third law of describes bodies tend to resist motion called inertia. The inertia on the free falling 1kg mass was so great it forced the termination of acceleration to a const velocity. Spatial thinking can easily conclude the inertia of the earth's motion orbiting the sun can well be the force of it's gravity.

At this very moment we are traveling though space on a spinning earth. The earth travels in orbit round the sun a distance of thirty kilometers in a second. If we do the math's on this we travel a distance of a hundred and eight thousand kilometers by the time a one hour TV program. (108,000kmph). By the time you read this sentence we have traveled a distance of a hundred kilometer though space and never know it. The discrete changing of light of evenings and dawns are so agonizingly slow we don't observe it in every moment of time. e never observe evening stars stars arch in motion. They all appear perfectly stationary in every moment of time. So too the sun and moon. Why can't we tell the earth is in motion?

An answer lays in the fact motion in space is different than on the surface of earth. Take 80kmph (50mph) for example. In space a thousand times the speed ( 80,000kmph, 50,000mph) feels stationary. An astronaut can exit a space station for a space walk as if stationary. Try that in a kmph moving vehicle on the surface of the earth. It seems gravity creates the sense of motion.

The closer to a gravitational field the more we feel lower velocities. The further away more speed is required to notice any motion. From this we'd observe it would appear no gravitational all extreme velocity should feel motionless just like we feel the earth feels stationary to us. Here the earth is held in orbit by the sun but there is the combined gravitational field of the entire solar system.

According to Newton force can be calculated by multiplying a known "mass" (the mass unit is in kilograms) by a known "acceleration value". The law of mathematics allows us to formulate several formulae from "Force" equals "mass" times "acceleration into the "Force" equals "acceleration" times the "mass", the mass equals the "force" dived by the "acceleration" and the acceleration equals the "force" dived the "mass" respectively. (F=ma, F=am m=F/a and a=F/m). But this only during acceleration which is constantly changing. As acceleration is never an infinite there will always be a terminal acceleration to a constant velocity at some point. A case in point

0 to 80kmph (50mph) is an acceleration of 1.33 meters per second per second until it is terminated to a constant 80kmph giving 1.33 meters distance traveled per second constant velocity that mathematics proves terminal acceleration results at 80kmph.

Even in the zero resistance of space there is a terminal acceleration despite what math's tells us. If a body obeys zero resistance law means literally a body set in motion in space would have an infinite acceleration. Lets say for argument sake we launch a body that accelerates a meter in the first second and ten times the distance every second after that indefinitely.

As a meter is 0.001km so at the "beginning of the first second" the body would be stationary. For every second of acceleration a zero is taken away. For example at the "end of the first second" the body would have traveled a meter.(0.001km). At the end of the second second the body would have traveled ten meters. (0.01km). At the end of the third second would have traveled a hundred meters (0.1km) and by the end of the fourth second a thousand meters a kilometer by the end of four seconds. (No zeros equals 1km)

From here on for every second a zero is added so by the end of the fifth second the body would have traveled ten kilometers. (one zero). By the end of the sixth would have traveled a hundred kilometers. (Two zeros) By the end of the seventh second would have traveled a distance of a thousand kilometers. (three zeros)

By eight seconds would have traveled a distance of ten thousand (four zeros) and by the end of nine seconds a hundred thousand (five zeros) and by the end of ten seconds the body would have traveled a million kilometers. (six zeros)

By eleven seconds the body would have traveled ten million (seven zeros) and by the end of the twelfth second a hundred million. (eight zeros) By thirteen seconds the body would have traveled a distance of a thousand million. (nine zeros) . By the end of fourteen seconds the body would have traveled ten thousand million kilometers. (ten zeros). Traveling 15 seconds means by a quarter minute the body would have traveled a distance of a hundred million kilometers. eleven zeros)

By sixteen seconds the body would have traveled a billion kilometers (twelve zeros) and by seventeen ten million. (thirteen zeros). By the end of the eighteenth second would have traveled a distance of a hundred billion (fourteen zeros) and by the end of nineteen seconds would have traveled a distance of a thousand billion kilometers. (fifteen zeros)

By twenty seconds the body would have traveled ten thousand billion kilometers, (sixteen zeros) by twenty one seconds, a hundred thousand billion, (seventeen zeros) and by twenty two a trillion kilometers (18 zeros).

By the end the twenty fifth second would be a ten trillion kilometers (19 zeros). By twenty three seconds the body would have traveled a hundred trillion, (20 zeros). By the end of the twenty fourth second would have traveled a hundred trillion (21 zeros) and by the end of the twenty fifth second would be a thousand trillion kilometers,(22 zeros).

At this rate by the time a half minute the body would have traveled well in excess of several thousand trillion kilometers one and thirty zero kilometer number. Imagine the distance in a whole minute, that we know there is sixty seconds in a minute, let a lone all the seconds in a hour (three thousand four hundred ) raveling all seconds in every day (eighty six thousand four hundred) all the seconds in each month, year, decade, century, millennia, (every thousand years), every second of a million, a billion and trillions of years even all the seconds in trillions of centuries of acceleration every zero added to every previous and still accelerating beyond with out end.

A lot of us believe light has no mass (weightless ) Applying the math's on light speed it takes a second to travel a distance of just under three hundred thousand kilometers where the traveling body had exceeded light speed many times after ten seconds. As far as light is concerned even in the zero resistance of space it can't accelerate any faster. Instead it's at it's maximum momentum where it doesn't travel any faster. It's at it's maximum momentum speed limit.

A lot us also believe gravity slows light, resulting in all sorts of speculations of what's inside them. They are cosmic black bodies. A black body is anything with a mass heavy enough to absorb a hundred percent of light. Imagine a body heavy enough in you own back yard to absorb a hundred percent of sunlight. We'd would view it as a spooky black void resting in our garden. I doubt it would have the sharp edges. The sunlight sucked into the black void edges would look like water being drained down a sink plug hole.

It's possible possible the escape velocity from a black hole may be anything above the maximum momentum limit of light speed itself like four, five or six thousand kilometers per second, what ever.

The Time Machine

Many of us observe Albert Einstein as the first to come up with the idea of time travel in his theory of special relativity that helped inspiring a 4th dimension travel. Hollywood made a movie in 1960 as a remake in 2002 of the 1895 science fiction writer H.G.Wells who created a story of time travel ten years before Einstein's special theory of relativity. In his special theory predicting allowing time travel the 1960 fame tells the story of our hero telling friends of an extraordinary adventure into the future in his uncle’s time machine. that travel many times faster than the environment's second.A lot of us believe we when we reach light speed time goes backward. Einstein was adamant we cannot reach light speed alone let a lone exceed it. It is cause by the special theory gravitational equivalence effect in inertia (? what we refer to as a G-force property in motion ) on a light speed scale. The pressure is so heavy in weighing down forces matter to compress or think in the direction of travel. It requires an infinite amount of energy the universe hasn't got to overcome it. Not only that but light is traveling a distance of300,000km ahead of us every second.


Even we where at light speed we would never be able to catch up with the distance in every second. Mathematics projects it as a maximum speed limit we would observe the universe travel not any slower than 3km/s. In other words time is not stopped.

As light takes just under 8 minutes reach us from the sun we observe the sun as it was 8 minutes ago every second. The light we're going to observe 8 minutes into the future had just left the sun right now. We are observing sunlight as the sun was 8 minutes in the past every second.

Traveling in a time machine it would have to some how allow that real time to align earth real time in the distance between earth and the sun. It should never be able to because the future on earth would always be the distance from earth to the sun every second. The same with light. It will always be 300,000km ahead of us every second even if we were traveling at light speed.

One of the brightest stars we can observe in a clear night called Sirius major for instance is 26 times more powerful than our own stare (our sun) 8 years and 7 months away every second. If we observed it in 2010 we were actually seeing it as it was in 2002 every second.

Further into the past is Polarius as it was 1066 in the earth's past today every second. Any astronomer there in their real time at the opposite end of the distance would be observing earth in the time of Shakespeare. Our time traveler's machine would have to be slowed down by at lest 944 years every second for Poarius time to catch up if we are to view it in real time.

We take time for granted. We schedule our daily lives round it. We take for granted bus and train time table scheduling. Television stations regularly schedule programs round time. We program our recorders round it. We schedule our time round meetings. The biggest thing about time we take for granted is the second. Sports commentators specially in motor sports win and loose our sports heroes by fractions of seconds. It has become an iatrical part of sport.

In the 1960 movie our would be traveler narrates his story. The machine was tucked away in a corner of a side shed of the main house looking like a sleigh fitted with a large circler disc towering behind the passenger seat. He seated in scanning the control panel thoughtfully for a minute. Cracking his knuckles in anticipation he gingerly throttled a lever forward. The disk behind began moving rotating a few slow revolutions. Nothing seemed to be happening.

When he eased back, the disk wound to a stop. The shed environment seemed the same as he left it a moment ago. He observed a burning candle stick a few centimeters shorter than it was a moment ago. Encouraged with a little smile he throttled forward again the disk rotating a little faster. This time he kept on eye on the yellow flame of the candle stick trickling down the candle at speed.

Observing the candle our traveler would have to have been traveling slowly though the environment’s time. Provided the shed’s environment’s time flowed normally our traveler was travailing independently. From his point of view the environment seemed to moving as if twice as fast.According to Einstein's special theory of relativity our traveler was observe his environments time very differently. But according to the movie our traveler's uncle must have discovered a way tap into a way to generate time to travel though the environment's time independently. This independent time could well be the 4th dimension most of us are wondered and read about. While our environment’s time is fixed the 4th dimension is a variable time in parallel with us. Our traveler was traveling the 4th dimension in parallel with his environment. The slower the machine went the faster the environment’s time appeared to be.If we observed a clock the second hand would have appeared to move twice as fast showing us on principle our traveler had to be travailing twice as slow as the environment’s second. Making an interesting observation of our traveler observing our environment time speeding up he had to have actually been decelerating. And vice versa observing the environment's time slow down he had to have accelerated.

In doing so he had to be catching up with the environment’s second. Time should continue every environment minute every hour in every environment day every week in every environment month for years. There will come a point where the environment would have been moving so fast it would turn into a blur. If the environment’s time is a fixed constant this will probably begin within 60 times as slow. (Observing an environment minute per second).In just the equivalent of six of months worth traveling a whole environment year would have passed. Left to continue would travel twice as slow. The machine would no doubt be a frozen statue for decades, centuries, even millennia even indefinitely. Turning his attention to the shed window our traveler observed the dress shop mannequins though the shed window across the street changes their fashion like a fast forward video. The sun arched across the sky followed by some puffy cotton wool clouds racing by.

What would an observer in the environment observe? According to our imagination we'd visualize him disappeared into the future. But according to classical physics relativity observers would observe a frozen statue because the traveler is observing every environment second speed up inm time.

It would be similar to what park statues observing the environment. For every billion environment years would pass every second let a lone a 100 years.

When our traveler pushed the lever forward some more the outside world picked up speed. Although the machine would have looked frozen in time it would have been moving al the same. The day faded into dusk followed by rolling clouds and window of stars arching across the shed window at speed fading into day. From the environment’s point of view must have observed our traveller seated frozen in time as still as a statue. After a minute he throttled back. The disc wound down to a stop. If we may make another observation our traveler observes his deceleration stop when normal environment time established itself. From the environment’s point of view the machine would have come alive as it sped up in time back to normal.Getting out he went out side to investigate. Out in the street he observed world war one motor vehicles chugging about the street. He stopped an army officer crossing it making enquires where he was. The officer rather dubious with the integration, our traveller learnt there was a major war with Germany. Further interrogation he learnt the officer was the son of his uncle and learning about his own mysterious fate. Returning to his machine he resumed his journey.

Once again as the machine slowed down he would have observed the environment's time sped up. To the environment the machine must have slowed down to a frozen statue. Our traveller observed the mannequins in the dress shop change their fashion like a fast forward video. The disc behind him happily cruised at speed.

If we observe the minute hand of a clock move as fast as we'd normally observe the second hand we'd observe the environment's time moving a minute per second. We'd be travelling 60 times slow. As far as the environment is concerned would observe us frozen as a statue. Our traveller would observe the outside world an hour per second. In just a minute he would have travailed two and a half environment days. In an hour he would have travailed 6 and a quarter days and a few minutes an environment week.

In the movie he’d taken a few minutes to travel 25 environment years. If his machine was travelling a year slower than the environment second from the travellers point of view it would have been a mere 25 seconds. Soon one by one window panes began smashing evidence of the ravananages of time in a deserted shed. It was 1939 the beginning of world war two. There was a sudden burst of flame all round for a few a second or two disappearing just as quick. The shed environment cleared away into an open park. From the environment’s point of view the machine would have been exposed in the open as still and motionless as ever.Our traveller decided to stop at this point. Pulling back the lever he observed the environment sped up back to normal. As for the frozen in time machine it would have slowly came alive as it sped up back up to normal. By the time it wound down to a stop it was in the middle of 1966. When our traveller got out he observed a strange panic in the street to him the 1960’s futuristic car styling of cars entangled parked everywhere like in a disaster movie.He had dropped in on a nuclear attack on London. His eyes opened wide to flow of Melton lava rolling towards him. He raced headlong to his machine jumping in slamming forward the throttle lever just in time a red sheet rolled over him.

He narrated what it was like to be entombed inside, the darkness and the cold. The disk behind him was a racing bluer. From the environment’s point of view the machine was a frozen still and lifeless. His machine was travelling millions of times slower as the environment's second. It appeared in the movie his survival from the lava time alone protected him from harm. From his point of view in just a few moments he had travelled a few centuries. His counter was flashing the seconds, minutes, hours days, weeks, months and years in a bluer. He could not know how long he was entombed. But he was at lest travelling into the future.Travelling extra slow the unchanging speed of his environment will appear as streaks of light. It would be impossible to determine motion because of the illusion of motion. Our traveller’s machine is stationary but the motion of the streaks appearing towards him from the vanishing point ahead will appear as if the machine is moving though time. From the environment’s point of view our traveller seated in his machine and machine would appear frozen. From the travellers point of view the vanishing point will always be ahead of him never caching up with it.If we observe the hour hand sped up as fast as we'd normally obverse the second hand adding up all the seconds of an hour tells us the environment observes us 3 thousand 600 times as slow. From our point of view though we'd observe the environment's hour pass the equivalent of every second. In an equivalent of an hour of travelling two and a half environment days would pass. By a day’s worth 6 and a bit environment days (nearly a week) would have passed by. This will continue though every environment week for months at a time. Every environment month will seem to pass 60 times faster, during which time every year in every environment decade, millennia, millions and billions even for trillions of centuries. As far as the environment is concerned we'd be still as statue.Adding up all the seconds of a day tells us we would be slowed down even further to 86 thousand 400 times as slow as the environment second observing the environment's day sped up the equivalent of a second. As far as the environment is concerned 86 thousand 400 times as slow would see us still as a statue. Give and take a couple of days difference in each calendar month in just one minutes worth of travelling we'd be a couple of months into the future. We'd be observing 86 thousand 400th of a normal environment day stretched as long as an equivalent second.

Adding up all the seconds of a week (the seconds of day times 7) tells us we would be slowed down even further by a week observing every environment week sped up the equivalent of a second. As far as the environment is concerned we would be frozen still in time. Environment observers would not be able to observe us moving 604 thousand 800 times as slow as the environment second.

If we add up all the seconds in a month (operating on the principle of taking into account of the different days of each month all the seconds of a week times 1.44) we'd be that much slower than the environment second observing roughly the differences the days of each month per second. In just one minute 5 environment years would have passed 300 in an hour and in a day 432 thousand. As far as the environment is concerned we'd be frozen in time.

If we slowed down even further to a year slower than the environment second adding up all the seconds of a year (all the seconds of a day times 365) we should be should be 31 million 536 thousand times as slow as the environment second. If we add up all the seconds of a decade per second we need to take into account of extra day at the day at the end of every February (leap year) every 4 years added onto the total seconds of ten years. We’d be travelling all that total number of seconds slower than the environment second observing each decade pass the equivalent of a second. The same math's applies adding up all the seconds of a century. The same applies if we observe the environment millennia per second. We can be slowed down even further observing a million years, a billion or a trillion years per second.There have been many theories in the past about the origins of the universe. The most recent and popular is the big bang. To most of us it seems illogical a universe to suddenly burst into being in a enormous amount of energy from nothing that supposed to have occurred 15 million years ago. Whiten the first second it supposed to have grown a couple of billion, billion kilometres (1 and 24 zeros 10'24) in diameter and believed to be still expanding to this day.

If we observed the first second of the so called big bang a billion years per second would only take the equivalent of 15 seconds to this day. The universe is only 15 billion years old so far. In one minute the universe would be 60 billion and in a day's travelling 86 thousand 400 billion. And that's not to mention if we add up all the seconds of a week's worth of travelling our point of view of travelling let a lone counting a month, a year a decade.

In 1900 a German physicist Max Planck announced he found a formulae that fits predicting energy, dimension, weight and time, all come in a mind boggling fixed units of time known as Planck’s constant. It is the foundation of quantum physics. A Planck length is the smallest length of the universe predicting the diameter across the single point of supper dense gravity trapping space and time deep in the centre of black holes called a singularity. It is mind blowing tiny 43 decimal zeros and 1 of a centimetre.(10 to the minus 43 centimeters, 10-43cm respectively)The smallest amount of time is predicted to be when a particle of light (a photon) crosses a singularity. This works out to be 32 decimal zeros and 1 fraction of a second. (10 to the minus 32). Quantum physics tells us light quantum jumps the reciprocal of a Planck time,( 10 to the 43, 1 and 43 zeros) Planck length 300 thousand kilometres by a second. It is the same amount of time the second hand of clocks move a division. At that velocity it takes 8 minutes to reach earth from the sun only 8 light minute away. The light we see now left the sun 8 minutes in the past.

What ever sun activity occurs in real time will not be observed until 8 minutes into the future. By the time a one hour TV program light has travelled 10 thousand and 80 million kilometres giving us a light hour. Adding up all the seconds of a day gives us a light day. So too, if we add up all the seconds all the seconds of a week, a month and of course the familiar light year expression.

For the mind boggling tiny size singularities are extremely heavy. They tip the scales well over several hundred thousand trillion, trillion tones or more. If we to travel a Planck time we'd be travelling the reciprocal (10’43/s) times faster than the environment second. At this point the environment would now appear to us as fixed frames every second. The equivalent would observe us frozen in time 10'46 years every second. A trillion years would appear less than a second to us.If we add up all the seconds of every minute, hour day, week, month or years all adds up. From the universes point of view we would be as still as a statue forever.

Quantum physics tells us photons shouldn’t travel in a smooth sin wave but though time in a more or less a saw tooth waveform. The wavelength would be that of a Planck length.The combined mass from the combined nuclear reactions of all the stares in all the galaxies of the universe is a visible light part of our environment’s radiation. This includes invisible waveforms such as inferred wavelengths that are longer than visible light we can’t see with our naked eyes. Remote controls we use everyday are inferred radio beams. Shorter than visible light are Ultraviolet (UV) X- ray and gamma rays.Physicists detect these from sound recorders as static we commonly hear when a radio or TV station is not tuned into a station properly. In fact a great deal is from the universes. We occasionally hear a squeak, crackle and pop or two. Theses are just random occurrences. Astronomers are listening for any signs of any artificial constant.

If our eyes could observe the mains lines and appliances we'd observe waves upon waves radiating from them 16 mm 60 per second. We'd also observe radio and TV station signals, part of our electromagnetic radiation environment. The shortest wavelengths are between a few hundred millimetres (2 decimal zeros and a 1 of a centimetre) and a Pico meter ( 6 decimal zeros and 1 ).

Classical physics (as electrical and electronic text books) describes them as a smooth sin wave. A swinging pendulum cycle for example begins from veridical rest accelerates to a maximum peak, decelerates to a stop, reverse direction reaccelerating towards the opposite peak, decelerating to stop again and reverse direction reaccelerating repeating the cycle. The unit per second is a Hertz. The mains being an electrical alternating current is 60 times a second. The standard metric system prefixes Kilo- tells us a thousand, Mega, for a million, Gaga for a thousand million,.(Hz, KHz, MHz and GHz, respectively).

Quantum physics though, tells us each cycle should be quantum jumping 10’32 Planck time per second (10’32/s) from start to finish in every cycle. If we travel 60 times slower than the environment second we’d observe the mains frequency a Hz per second or as 60 per minute. It tells us the slower we go the shorter the wavelengths (or the higher the frequencies) consequence.For a time traveller travelling slower than the environment's time the environment’s the radiation will seem to increase in energy. Moving very slow the frequencies would become so high a simple log fire would be enough too pour forth the equivalent of X ray and gamma ray radiation that would rival the searing heat of a nuclear blast that would incinerate our traveller to a crisp.It was once believed the same scenario in our natural world should have applied which does not happen. The classical physics approach is what is called the Ultraviolet light or X- and gamma ray catastrophe.

It took Max Planck to come up with a solution with a fresh mathematical insight to the Ultraviolet light catastrophe problem. Planck’s constant tells us prevents it. Physicists did recognize Planck’s constant had explained how the UV, x and gamma ray catastrophe could not happen, but it was not quickly accepted as the true nature of things.It did not receive much attention until 1905 when Albert Einstein was intrigued with Planck’s constant. He pictured James Clark Maxwell’s vision of smooth and infinitely continues electromagnetic waves travelling though our environment, but only appears smooth and continues like we see digital signals as smooth and continues moving pictures displayed in our digital video systems. He reviled Planck’s constant helped him explain the mystery of the photo electric effect we are familiar with today in solar cell technology.Time travel will enviably effect the way we observe the colors of our environment. In normal circumstances Maxwell predicted the colors we observe are just different frequencies of common sunlight. Isaac Newton should be a name familiar to us for his work in showing color is a clear manifestation directly from it. He spent a great deal of time directing beams onto glass prisms intrigued that the colors of the rainbow displayed on his wall come from clear light.

As Maxwell explained what we observe are our eyes picking up the various changes in the environment's clear light, red the longest (low frequency) while violet the shortest (high frequency). He would have pointed out what we observe the clear light of the electric mains lighting is just one of many invisible electromagnetic radiation. It color casts the environment with a hint of a slight yellow tinge picked up in photos taken in electric lighting without a flash.

Invisible inferred, X-ray and gamma rays streaming from the sun is constantly filtered though the earth's atmosphere resulting in different color temperatures of our world depending on the time of day and high and low pressure weather systems Highs provide more intense light even in the winter months. Depending on how slow we go we should observe them change dramatically from one extreme to the next within minutes.

Sunsets and dawns will no longer appear the usual red and orange contrast. Ocean and vegetation colour will not look natural either. With increasing frequency comes increasing energy and pressure. Waves of low pressure weather will inevitably take on high pressure features alternating rapidly with blinding high pressure in high speed waves. We will not recognize morning, midday and evening contrasts no matter the session. Sounds too will be affected. It will lose it’s base range sounding increasingly tiny the slower we go. All this at extreme slowness.To be slow our traveller’s machine had had to have generated a weight that was independent of the environment weighing him and the machine's time down to an independent crawl. The environment would have look compressed within the dimensions of the ever decreasing Second. This is what Einstein described as a gravitational equivalence which is predicted what happens to time in black holes. The shorter our traveller observed the environment second the less distance light travelled.From our traveller’s point of view the shed environment should have appeared twice as thing. Classical physics observes if a minuet as fast the environment would have looked 60 times. The shed environment would have observed the machine squashed horizontally. An image editor program gives us an idea how that would work when we distort an image by pulling down on the top of the picture. Our traveller and his machine would appear stretched long ways.With increasing compression comes increasing pressure. With increasing pressure comes increasing heat. If travelling a minute as slow according to classical physics our traveller would have experienced the shed's ambient temperature increased by 60 times well into suffocation proportions. According to the ultra violet catastrophe principle shouldn’t work like that.We read a lot about black holes acting as time machines. If most of us believe gravity slows time it seems an intriguing idea how our traveller’s machine could work acting like the properties of a black hole. There is another source out their in the universe that acts like a singularity called dark matter. In any case it’s intriguing to think of the use of an artificial singularity or even dark matter as the machines core function. Yet there is a more interesting idea time can be distorted following Newton's second law of motion predicting what we refer to as G-forces in straight lines and centrifugal forces in circular motion "where there is a force there is an equal and opposite force" developed in extreme velocity.

We feel its effects weighing us down like gravity.Boy racers in competition race take off experience it in a straight line as if a few kilograms weighing them back into their seats in the opposite direction as the accelerate forward for a second of two. Imagine riding a rocket sled propelled in a straight line from a standing start to a 160km (100 miles) in a second. Imagine 300,000km by the time we say one thousand and one.

Newton's law projects 0 to 160k/s we should be under the extreme stress of a few tones pulling us back until 80km in half a second at which point we decelerate under the same stress this time trying to pull us forward in the opposite direction as we come to a stop in 80km in another half second.

Would this extreme acceleration and deceleration be enough to effect time? Maybe not if only at light speed is any indication. Perhaps, but our traveller’s machine could have just as easily operated on a circular motion principle to achieve the same result. Our traveller’s uncle must have discovered a way to tap into or at lest simulate the properties of the 4th dimension.

Using circular motion as a method to distort time is an intriguing theory.Light caught in the gips of a black hole will be bent into a orbit round it. Unless in the direct path viewing from the outside light would appear invisible. Some of us believe light will spiral out of control to the singularity. Form inside the universe should appear as a total white out. The circumference will be the same distance if travelling a straight line. For example a light second will be 300,000km. Anybody familiar with Pi will realize diameter equals circumference over pi will project a diameter of 95,393km across the orbit. Space is 3-D so there will be a 3-D volume involved.

The volume should be measured in a 3-D based on Planck’s constant in every possible angle in spherical directions from the singularity.Operating on the principle of the properties of black hole gravitation deep in the centre of the black void should be a Planck time which means the gravitational pressure has squeezed everything to equal proportions. If we think in terms of gravitational force an example of the earth’s gravitational force of a kilogram per cubic meter at sea level. Those into math’s can work out the total gravitational tonnage squeezing the whole earth. The tonnage of a singularity will be based on Planck’s constant to the diameter of the singularity.So what would happen if our traveler travels though the environment's time sped up? Operating on the principle when he observe the environment speed up when slowed down he should observe the environment slow down. Twice as fast we should observe the environment twice as slow. respectively. If by a minute should be 60 times. The environment's second should be stretched that much as long. At this speed we would be in parallel with the mains mains frequency which means we'd be observing 60th environment second every equivalent second. We would view the mains as 1Hz.

We would observe this though the throbbing of the mains lighting from minimum to maximum brightness like a vehicle eradicator. Office workers would be frozen while desk fan blades rotate slowly in backgrounds. Then there's the radio and TV station radiation permeating the environment. These would appear as much lower frequencies distorting the the overall picture looking like TV interference lines. Music and sound would have no treble range. All we'd that would be audible would be base beating that was once the treble. The throbbing lighting color would have changed into a red hue.Room temperature too would seem to plummet.

Things would be a lot worse if we travel by an hour. Adding up all the seconds tells us we'd be 3 thousand 600 times as fast as the environment's second. We'd observe environment second hands of clocks move as slow as we'd normally observe the hour hand. By this time high pitch whistling of the environment's UV and X-Ray radiation should be becoming barely audible. From the observer's in the environment's time frame point of view we'd be moving to fast for their eyes to track us. It would seem we'd disappeared into the future. Not from our point of view we wouldn't. We observe every environment second drag on the equivalent of an hour at a time.

If we add up all the seconds of a day tells us we'd be 86 thousand 400 times as fast as the environment's second. From our option point of view would put us a day into the future in a second or escalating exponentially a day every second indefinitely as long as we continued to travel the environment's time.

If we apply this to al the seconds of a week we can expect the same, a month or a year even telling us how much faster than the environment's second observing it that much slower applied to a decade, a century, a millennia, a million years a billion years or a trillion centuries respectively. And so according to Quantum physics we will not be able top go any faster than a planick time. That would be like the time inside a black hole.

Friday, May 4, 2012

Sliders Einstein/Podolskv/Rosen bridge

In 1935 Albert Einstein, and a couple of colleges Boris Podolskv and Nathan Rosen teamed up to published paper questioning the validity of quantum physics that Einstein's general theory of relativity opened a Pandora's of parallel universes.

The trio was not happy with quantum physics moonshine nonsense about atomic particles being two places at the same time influencing each other at a distance. We are remaindered of the chaos theory a butterfly effect we have all heard about that tells us a violent storm is determined by a butterfly take off on the other side of the world. And evelations Isaac Newtown's law bodies attracted to each other defining gravity as an example of an action at a distance.

A clear example the sun's mass attracts all the planets at various distances as far as Pluto in real time. In other words instantaneously which meant to Einstein's displeasure the sun's gravity is faster than light. If the sun's gravity is than all gravity. The trio decided to put to rest the silly theories of quantum physics to rest once and for all.

Operating on the principle of Einstein's general theory it wasn't hard for the trial to imagine a star so massive that not even light could escape sinking a deep well in one part of the universe, and another hole in another remote location, causing a feasible link scenario between the two sink wells. In other words, a dark star (known as a black hole these days) sink wells linked together like a pair kitchen funnels. According to Newtonian gravity, is just mass pulling everything to it. The mass of each universe should pull on the link opposite directions one for each universe like a tug of war on a rope collapsing apart. Never the less the resulting theory become known as the Einstein, Podolvsk, Rosen bridge. In other words a wormhole a path though the dimensions of space like winding worm hole in an aple.

Another idea has emerged if a black hole spins on a light speed scale. We would immediately think of the potential centrifugal force forcing an aperture in the center. The law of circular motion tells us centrifugal force decreases towards the center where spinning pin points will have navigable if not no force at all. The only significant force would be the outer edge. Imagine the the event horizon (The out edge of a black hole) spinning at light speed. Would the pin point in the center be spinning at light speed too? It's hard to image a spinning pin prick will have any significant centrifugal force. Not only that, black holes a rewind for their infinite characteristics so you'd need a spin at a infinite velocity which is way-way beyond light speed. Thinking of another alternative how would some exotic matter would work it?

NBC TV studios inspired by the many worlds theory in a Quantum theory entanglement theme and Einstein's general theory inspired a science fiction TV series came up with an alternative answer in the series called the sliders. The pilot premiered in 1995 about a university graduate student experimenting with the possibilities an antigravity device that could revolutionize heavy lifting. Einstein's General relativity predicted a fast nose diving aircraft NASA uses all the time in training astronauts in Weightlessness. If descends fast enough becomes an antigravity devise in it's own right just as Einstein saw as a cancellation of gravity he expressed as gravitational equivalence Quinn Mallory picked up on.

Instead of an antigravity grab device Mallory got more than he bargained for. The machine open up the holly grail of cosmology a wormhole entrance right before his eyes. NBC had suggested Mallory had unwittingly discovered some exotic way of creating a wormhole. The pilot began Quinn waking up one morning reflecting on a antigravity experiment he was running the night before.

Wondering into the kitchen his mother was up pottering round with breakfast. A conversation about his father revealed he was very close that had died when Quinn was only seven missing his father very much. After motherly fussing Quinn wondered down stares to the basement that looked more like a science lab then a typical student's study. He reached for a video cassette pushing it into the machine sitting in an armchair. The TV screen reveled a video diary of his antigravity experiment working watching his own descriptive chronology of his experiment. The TV screen showed a roaring midd air whirlpool watching himself and listing to his video dairying of his experiment with a camcorder in a hurricane force winds

Pondering on his antigravity experiment he reached out and took a framed photo pose of himself and both parents reflecting how much he missed his father. Realizing he was going to be late for his lecture he replaced the photo and hurriedly shut down the video replay and and went back up stares, hurriedly snatching a bite to eat from the breakfast table. Down the front walk he went opening the front gate that squeaked closing it. He jumped into his car and set off to campus. At the campus Quinn paused by a well known and harmless homeless guy raving on about the end of the world coming with a accusing finger at him. Quinn humored for a minute with light hatred banter before hurrying off late for class running past the familiar statue of President Lincoln.

In the lecture room a professor at a scientific scribbled math's formulae blackboard one of the stares of the New Zealand movie Lord of the Rings John Ryes-Davies, playing the part of, Maximilian Arturo, showing his annoyance Quinn was late for class again. Quinn humbly apologized seating in his chair. When he explained he was onto something interesting to class there was much excited debate among the students much to the annoyance of the professor constantly trying to keep his students focused on his lecture.

After scolding Quinn and trying to keep his student in check in van for ten minutes, he'd finally had enough. Totally disgusted, Arturo dismisses the class and stormed out of the lecture hall. As the class broke up Quinn headed off to his part time Job at a personal computer sales store. There he discussed with his best friend and coworker wade wells and with much dubious belief by coworkers about his antigravity experiment. When his time was up he made tracks back home to his basement.

There he settled down to more reflecting, studying and pondering staring at his scientific scribed blackboard full of scientific formulae trying to see a Patten that could describe his experiment. He cranked up his experiment once more. Chuuorrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr it went spreading from a small point opening several meters wide looking like some midd air water whirlpool roaring and sucking at the basement atmosphere like a giant air conditioner. He stood for a moment half flapping before walking round behind it.

He passed behind doing a complete circle checking where the tunnel was disappearing to. What was his antigravity experiment creating ? The roaring midd air vortex collapsed in on itself with a Shawormph! leaving a normal and quiet basement environment behind. His experiment had somehow managed to reproduce something. He started it again. Chuuorrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr it went expanding wide open pulling on the air. Qunnin did some more running complementary though his video view finder reporting what was happening. It collapsed inward on itself closed with a shawrrrrrrmph.

After a while he began realizing what this midd air vertex was. It was a quite a surprise. Had Quinn's antigravity experiment had somehow created a singularity in his basement here on earth? Mallory excitedly cranked up his machine again. With a chuuoorrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr! produced the vortex roaring like a hurricane. Studying it he observed as much as he could before the vertex collapsed with shawormph! on itself again. He considered testing the stable entrance placing objects through it.

Placing a beach ball at the foot of the mouth it snatched it disappearing into the center closing on it with shawormph! After a few minutes waiting while he studied scientific filed equation blackboard he started the machine again. With a chroorarrrrrr on opening the hole in mid air roared away like a tornado. The ball soon shot back across his basement. Retrieving it he reflected what he was holding.

"Where had theses objects been"?

Some investigative thinking staring at the scientific formulae scribbled blackboard again he soon saw a pattern written in the mathematics'

"What's holding open the vortex? Antigravity maybe? Power!! But why not for long?"

He soon realized their was a drain on the household power while holding the roaring vertex open then quickly run down until it could not hold it open any longer. Anybody familiar with on the road with laptop batteries know the feeling as they automatically shut themselves down when the batteries are to flat. Observing the behavior of the formula he realized there was a timing pattern.

Quinn soon realized his machine was automatically recharging back enough power he could restart the vortex again. He considered sending his believed cat but thought of it again reluctant in case his feline panicked on the other side never seeing her again. Eventually he considered trying it himself. Soon his confidence in taking the plunge was growing. With much reflection and self arguments for the pros and cons he considered jumping into the wormhole To satisfy his curiosity he set to work on a electronic hand held trimming device to count down when the time was right to open the vertex to get back home. With the timer in his hand he pressed the timer bottom. With a chuuorrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr! the vertex opened expanding to full size in front of him.

Finally he took the plunge. He dived into the vortex disappearing into the center. It collapsed behind him with a shawromph! The basement quite and deserted, then the chuuorrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr! went the vertex expanding open from a point of light to full size. Out shot Quinn yelling at the top of his lungs somersaulting landing on his back on the floor. Picking himself up he examined his surroundings the vertex still roaring away open. Then it collapsed in on itself with a shawromoph He studied where he was for some time taking in the very familiar surroundings. Looking back at the point where the vertex opened although he experienced sliding something incredibly unique apparently he never left this world.

What every the reality he defiantly slid something. It seemed what ever it was it seem to have been a one eighty degrees vertex taking him straight back to his own basement.

Considering linking to another world was a failure he tidied up before setting off back to university. Outside he looked back to his front porch were everything about his house exactly the same as he remembers it, even his own car parked on the curb. As he opened the gate he paused with a curious frown. Strange, there wasn't the familiar squeak when he opened it. Oh well, dismissing their hired gardener may have fixed it he closed the gat jumping into his car. Approaching an intersection deep thought he ran a green light. To his suppressed motorists reacted the way we do when some one runs a red light on us at a intersection. With screeching of tires cars nearly collided pulling up to sharp stops all over the intersection inches from each other.

Screeching to a stop himself avoiding an accident he looked out the window in amazement at the behavior of the other motorists road raging abuse at him and driving round tooting their horns as they drive on though red lights and waited at greens. It was then he realized he must have landed on another world after all. It was a mirror image of his own world. With excitement he realized he'd just slid an singularity or the holly grail Einstein/Roseburg bridge. After getting over the shock he excitedly u-turned careful to stop at green lights and run red lights back to his parallel world home.

Waiting at a green light he happened to spot a billboard advertising a current Elvis Presley gig. In his world Elvis had died over twenty years ago. He hugged the wheel amused wonder peering though the cars windscreen. His radio was blaring a talkback show host interviewing John Kennedy. Shaking his head in wonder he drive on finally pulling up to his parallel world home. Opening the gate he stopped short at the sight of his mother arm in arm escort style with the hired Gardner. It appeared as his mum was married to him for some time. During a confused conversation he heard a quiet beeping in his pants pocket.

Realizing it was him he whipped out the timer seeing the sixth digit was counting down to zero 00.00.05, 00.00.04, 00.00.03, 00.00.02, 00.00.01 then all six 0's roiled like an electronic bulls eye gambling machine several times With a chuuorrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr! the vertex opened behind him snatching him disappearing backwards into it closing with a Shawormoph! The next thing he lands flat on his in his basement the wormhole collapsing closed with Shawromph! much to the frightened astonishment of his cat.

It took him a minute to gather his bearings before he realized where he was back home. With great joy he bounded up stares to check his mother wasn't married to the gardener kissing her on the forehead racing outside. In euphoria he hugged the grader who was suppressed, and oh joy the gate squeaked when he opened it. He Jumped back into his car and raced off to campus to tell everybody what happened to him. After all not everybody gets to ride an Einstein/Rosenberg's bridge to another world.

Arriving late again he eagerly interrupted the professor in the middle of a lecture. The professor angrily told him he had a nerve to show back at class. Quinn stepped back a bit not understanding. Still, he was eager to talk to him about his discovery and eagerly persisted. Now the professor felt Quinn was mocking him and his theories. Quinn desperately tries to explain he wasn't. Quinn finally got though enough of the professors resistance to come to his house and see for himself. As the class bell rang the professor dismisses the class and storms out of the lecture hall.

Not fully understanding what was going on with the professor, he heads off to his part time job. Arriving for work, Wade confronts him at what he's doing back here. A surprised Quinn replies he works here. She informs him the manager fired him a little while ago when he told him off. Quinn claims he didn't remember. Then Wade asks if he doesn't remember the kiss either? Quinn was astonished wondering why he do that to his best buddy not believing the accusations thrown at to him. First he successfully created a Einstein/Rosenberg bridge then rode it to another world and back and then this.... all in one day? Wade walks off huffily on him leaving him flabbergasted. Quinn, still not understanding what's going on and since he'd been fired from his job he doesn't remember decides to head home.

Quinn returns to his dark scientific lab. He switches on the light reflecting on the machine consoling himself nursing his cat surrounded by electrical coil windings. He wonders over to the formula scribbled blackboard and studies it for a minute. Then his face changed into a curious frown. He discovers his Einstein/Rosenberg bridge formula he was unable to finish altered. He doesn't understand it. At this point Quinn hears a slight stir and turns to look straight into the eyes of himself. Getting over the initial shock, Quinn's double seemed to be a bit of a brag revealing he was from a parallel world showing off he too experimenting with an antigravity machine turned into an Einstein/Rosenberg bridge.

Quinn's double revealed he'd visited his university and admitting he was the caused of the stir with his professor. Quinn learnt he was the one also responsible for kissing his wade as Quinn's double was married to Wade's double. To Quinn's relief it reveled why he was in so much trouble. Both spent ten minutes discussing and comparing their inventions, Quinn's double showing off and pointing out were this Quinn went with his formulae. Then it was time for Quinn's double to leave. Quinn's double opened the vertex. Chuuorrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr it went, spreading from a small point to wide open. The noise was defining like the middle of a hurricane. Quinn's double tried to speak over the roar. But all Quinn could yell back pointing to one ear.

"I can't here you".

At that Quinn's double was snatched away disappearing into the vertex and was gone. Wade and the professor on Quinn's door step were concerned about about his strange behavior and obsession with his his invention. The professor rang the door bell. The door opened to revile Quinn's mum. The professor explained they were her to see Quinn. Invited inside there was much introduction pleasantries the professor meting one of his student's and Wade her coworker's mother. Meanwhile a washed out 1960's black rhythm blues singer an X-member of a pop group getting ready for an expected solo come back. His manger hovering in the background was advising him of the potential disappoints if it was a failure and the consequences of going solo from his band.

Rembrandt Brown liked to think he was renowned for one of his particular favorite sad songs he was obsessed with he could bring tears to everybody's eyes when singing it calling himself Gyring man brown. Back to Quinn's basement he was engrossed an electronic assembly of his timing device while Wade and the professor were coming down the basement stairwell still concerned about Quinn's odd behavior. When Quinn looked up from his job he was pleased to see them excitedly welcoming them in turning back to the finishing touches of his timer.

When the professor saw Quinn's formulae scribed blackboard complete with the solution to the Einstein/Roseburg bridge he was beside himself with admiration dismay. Quinn put on the finishing touches of the timer he was assembling and excitedly showed the processor what he was holding was the key to get back home when visiting the other side of his Einstein/Rosenberg bridge. Back to Rembrandt he comes out of his San Francisco apartment building to his big bright red Cadillac getting in and drive off down a San Francisco street. Back In Quinn's Basement Quinn was eagerly ready to open the vertex much to the professors reluctance pausing a bit while the professor wasn't sure about it

Quinn pointed and pressed the timer button. Chuuorrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr it went spreading open. Wade and the professor blinked with surprise at a roaring, quivering vortex hole in mid air in front of them that seemed to be sucking the hole of the earth's atmosphere into it like some giant air conditioner. After they got over the initial shock at what they were witnessing before their very eyes Quinn asked what would they do with this opportunity to see what's on the other side.

Wade beside herself exclaimed  "You mean we can just like, slide though this and BOOM! we're on another planet"!!

"NO"! exclaimed Mallory. "Same planet! Different dimension"

What would you do if you had the opportunity to slide a wormhole to explore a different dimension? The professor was a very reluctant and unsure holding back. Wade was beside herself with excitement. As giddy as a little school girl over puppy love she talk them into jumping much to the professors arguments against it. The pair argued for and against to the backdrop of the roaring vortex. It took quite a bit a bit of persuasion to the reluctant Quinn and the professor, but she finally persuaded Quinn to let them try. Meanwhile Rembrandt drive his a bright a red Pontiac convertible happily rhythm beating to his favorite crying man Brown song at the wheel.

"Oh yeaaaar baby. It's gonna be good"!

Back to s basement the trio prepared themselves ready ride the vertex. Quinn had originally set the vertex to carry only one person. He had adjusted the power for three more people. Then at a one, two, three, count they let the vortex snatch them into it and they were gone. The vortex collapsed with a Shawormph!! and all were gone. All that was left was the scientific formulae scribbled blackboard in a deserted and silent basement. Outside the side of Quinn's house, the roaring vertex expanded open to full wideness outside it's designated area. Rembrandt at the wheel of his car stiffened with a curious frown at a specter like circle at an intersection in front of him. In shocked surprise he saw as if the whirlpool spotted a pray changed turning straight towards him.

Over the front of the car bonnet he saw the roaring whirlpool mouth like a horror movie scene glide straight toward him. Yelling at the top of his lungs, frozen with fear at the wheel the car drove straight into the roaring mouth closing behind him with a Shawormmmmmph!! leaving a normal and deserted street behind. Inside the vortex Quinn, the professor and wade sailed along in a sideways plane like falling from a high sky scraper at high velocity. The bright red convertible sailed pasted past with the screaming crying-man Brown at the wheel narrowly missing them by inches. The Einstein/Rosenberg bridge was taking them on a wild twisting and snaking Rolla coaster ride.

A basement looking like something out of the a frozen neglected and deserted scene set. Chuaorrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr a vertex expanded opening spreading wide from from a tiny spot in midd air. Out flew Rembrandt's red Cadillac convertible Brown yelling at the top of his lungs skipping across an ice frozen yard banging to an abrupt halt into a ice wall. Finally the professor and wade next. A moment later Quinn shot out just as the vertex collapsed inwards closing behind them with a Shaworrrrrrrrrrmph. Rembrandts car was quite for a moment. Then the cardiac door opened and out stepped brown into freezing snow. The professor, Quinn and wade, recovering their wits, could see they were not in a familiar environment.

"Jesus, Mary and Joseph" said Arturo "I think I've just seen God and I could've sworn he was driving a Cadillac."

Wade had got her wish. The trio began exploring the parallel reality surroundings. Some candles were found lighting little islands of flickering light in the near darkness. For some time an interesting discussion about what could have happed and to all the occupants for about ten minutes or so. Wade found a crumpled photograph handing it to Quinn. He took the photo showing the same shot he had at home only with a strange girl and his pet dog he recognized. He explained the pet had died a while ago and didn't know anything about the girl in the picture.

Quinn and the professor discussed some scenarios of what could have happened to his familiarly considering this frozen world. Shivering Rembrandt blowing mist of warm air into cupped hands spotted an island of flicking candle light in the porch doorway of an ice covered house just ahead of him. When the professor, Wade and Quinn stepped out onto the porch they were shocked at the spooky panoramic view of San Francisco harbor complete with the Golden Gate bridge locked in ice with spooky dark storm clouds hanging over the whole city. Getting over the shock their attention was brought to the dazed forth traveler gathering his wits out side the house beside his car in an the snow yelling confused obscenities at the trio.

They joined Rembrandt who was demanding answers to what the hell was going. To keep warm it was suggested the canvas roof to be razed in place. As soon as canvas roof settled on the rim of the windscreen they all got into the car completing the four travelers. He was by now raving mad demanding to know who the hell these strangers where and what ever's happing to be returned home immediately. A discussion amid snapping tempers specially from the processor, trying to analyses the situation ensued. Soon they felt and heard something in the air by the change in air pressure.

To their horror they discovered the place was also full of tornados, the one they felt coming in screaming a whirlwind precariously close to the little group huddled in the convertible. The roof was lowered back everybody scrambling to stand on the back seat in the snow storm snapping at them so the vertex gravity could snatch them away to safety. Quinn fumbled at the timer pointing to the sky initialized it. Chuaorrrrrrrrrrrrrrr went the vertex opening wide above them. One by one they got into position letting the gravity snatch them up into the roaring hole in the air. Again like falling from a high sky scraper velocity.

The deep depth of a blue sky above. Chuuarrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr went the vortex spreading open. Out fell the professor landing heavily on his side rolling face up when Wade landed on him face down steering into each other eyes. Then it was Rembrandts turn. landing on his backside nearby. Picking themselves up there was a long pause as the vertex continued to roar still wide open above them. Where’s Quinn? There was a frightening long wait expecting the vertex to close any second without depositing him. The wait was becoming excruciating. Still the vertex remand open

Just when Wade was in tears at the shock of loosing Quinn to god knows what, not seeing him again. Then out fell Quinn, the vertex collapsing with a Shaworrrrrrrrrrrrph even before he hit ground landing hard face down on the grass All members were glad he was safe, specially wade. Quinn and wade hugged each other gratefully Rembrandt smiling like an ape in the background. Assuming they were all back home Rembrandt was still angry telling them off. He reminded Quinn he'd lost his car and not going to hang around and miss his singing appointment.

Spotting a taxi coming down the street he hailed down the cab promising to get bak to Quinn about his favorite conedrtable. Meanwhile Wade said she was off to find a phone box to ring home to tell them about the adventure she had. She had no problems with her family not believing her as Rembrandt Brown the crying man, Quinn and the professor would collaborate her story. So off she went. Quinn and the professor set off discussing their next move when suddenly the professor pulled Quinn up short pointing up to the park statue of the historic Russian figure of Joseph Lennon of the Russian revolution fame during world war one.

It was then they realized the truth of were they were. Wade inserted a coin in the phone booth trying to contact her family number witch didn't exit. Strange. When she came out she saw to her surprise the well known Russian hammer and cycle symbol above the door and the words in bold red capital letters in English

PEOPLE'S TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH

Meanwhile Rembrandt was telling the cab driver who he was and going too, while spotting the strange cab drivers identification passport which seemed a bit odd for a taxi cab driver. Still. The cab driver said he'd never heard of him. Then Rembrandt frowned in indignation and puzzlement at the strange behavior of the cab driver specially when he suddenly pulled up abruptly and saluted stiffly in Russian military salute. Rembrandt looked curiously to the direction out the cab window to a political rally of the suited homeless guy of his world shouting and ranting politically, flanked either side by two Russian solders.

Although Rembrandt didn't recognize him, Quinn, Wade and the professor passing by sure did. Still indignant He had a few words to say puling out a dollar note from his trouser pocket flicking it handing it to the driver. The driver took the note examining it like someone spotting a countrified note when they see one. The driver hailed over a tough looking woman officer who's face peered in the window. The driver showed the note. The officer taking one look at it, Rembrandt found himself cringing in the back seat of a Taxi cab by a armed gang of Russian solders pointing guns menacingly at him though all windows.

Nearby wade had quietly disappeared and Quinn and the professor found themselves surrounded by what looked like a gang of menacing civilian detectives. Our group meet an ungrounded resistance movement. Meanwhile Quinn and the professor was chained hanging from a wall by their wrists unshackled and marched off under escort. They found wade unharmed and learnt wade's double was a martyr hereon leader killed in action in this world against Russian authority. It turned out in this world America was a communist country, a Russian Domain.

Quinn, felt it strange seeing one of his part time coworker there even though he knew he was only his double as one of the resistance fighters who had a crush on wades double monitoring a live court room TV program in progress. Wades double had a lover the resistance leader who missed her dearly. Wade had convinced him where she and her group had come from. Quinn insisted Rembrandt be reunited with the group. Casually watching the court room drama on the telley, she recognized the cab driver thinking nothing of it. Wades eyes pop out of her head in shock at who she saw in court.

She cried out to Quinn and the professor to come and have a look at this. Quinn and the professor came over just in time to see Rembrandt stepping into the defendant stand. On the telley Rembrandt was made to swear the oath of truth and the cab driver did the same. Rembrandt was accused as criminal counterfeiter much to the shock of the Quinn wade and the professor. The group watch the proceedings unfold till the next case while outside the court room doors Rembrandt was intervened how he felt.

That was all it took for Qunnin, backed by the professor and Wade they now had to rescue Rembrandt. A plan of action was hatched. The professor looked the type to be General, while the others discussed themselves in various army officers and solders. They marched off to rescue Rembrandt from the caught room holding cell. At tense one point the rescue group was challenged by a army unit where the professor bluffed his uniform authority to an officer which wasn't sure it was going to work until the intimated officer allowed them on.

Rembrandt was lead out of the cell pleading with a heartless officer when their was a attack. A major gun fight followed. After rescuing Rembrandt from the cell, Quinn though Wade had been killed. It was OK as wade appeared behind him. Turning round they immediately hug at each other. When it was all over with much somber fanfare, a somber remembrance of their brave martyr was held while Quinn and the professor attended to the damaged timer. News of binning wanted now reached the resistance a renewed urgency to escape. Quinn and the professor picked up the pace fixing the timer. Once ready to go they needed to be at the right coordinates which was Lennon’s statue a quarter kilometer away.

The resistance leader offered to hold up the search team to buying time. Soon our little group was on their way passing a homeless guy swigging at a bottle of cheep wine. With shock they recognized Quinn and Wades part time job boss sucking at a stubby cigarette. Getting over the shock they resumed their walk They heard the sound of the posy after them not far behind. Our group quickly broke into sprinted haste the pursuing squad gaining ground behind them. Reaching Lennon’s statue Quinn checked the timer finding it wasn’t quite timed out yet, only a matter of a few seconds left.

They Checked the pursuers behind them appearing only yards ahead. They weren’t going to make? Finally the timer could be initiated. Quinn hastily pressed the button pointing to a hedge. Chuarorrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr went the vertex spreading open. There was no time to wait. One by one the sliders dived disappearing into the vertex. Wade and the professor laid sprawled in roses, with Rembrandt on his backside close by. Quinn come out head first as Shawormmmmmmph when the vortex closing behind him. When everybody picked themselves up they had landed at the feet the President Lincoln statue.

There was great rejoicing and laughing. Then they were ready to move on. Quinn stopped short the group. There sleeping under the Lincoln Statue was the homeless guy Quinn knew all to well.

"Nice to see you man" he said.

They saw a pair of headlights coming up the street a taxi they hailed down. Getting in was the same taxi driver that dubbed Rembrandt in the Russian American Domain world. In the corner of the back seat Rembrandt cringed panicky saying a few aggravated words at seeing who the taxi driver was. The driver wondered what was wrong with their friend to the rest of the Group. The professor looked at the diver as if to say that's a long story. Rembrandt check to see if the driver had heard of crying man brown.

"Year Sure! I know crying man brown!"

Rembrandt was happily pleased to hear that. Arriving at Quinn's address they got out, the professor paining off the driver the cab pulling away. There was tension when Quinn was about to check to see if his front gate squeaked. To all there relief it did. Wade and Rembrandt hug each other at the delight of Quinn and the professor behind. They went up the front porch stares Quinn opening the front door calling his mum announcing he was home. He didn't realize till a few episodes latter, prematurely initializing the timer before it was fully charged was a mistake.

It wasn’t until then he realized it was his double's warning he couldn't hear when he disappeared into the vertex in his world. Operating the remote control before it was fully charged corrupted original coordinates to their home world. When his mum came down the stares, he gave his mum the biggest cuddle he could please to see her. They went into the lounge where to reflect and disused the adventure they had riding Einstein/Rosenburg over drinks. Finally Quinn razed his glass of red wine in toast of his antigravity experiment. Just then there was the sound of the classing of the front door.

Everybody looked over to a man coming into the lounge. Quinn stood face solemn recognizing his father. His mother welcoming him in. Wade looked at Quinn with a Ohu-oh opps look on her face. Rembrandt and the professor's looks of disappointed realization. Quinn in shock just closed his eyes as if to block out the site, letting the the glass of red win fall crashing to the floor. To round of a TV screen displaying Rembrandt browns doing a live show on television. That was how the pilot ended. The pilot showed the vortex was controlled by Quinn's hand held TV like remote control device.

When fully charged quad could open the vortex. Just pointing and pressing of a button sent opening the vortex. Each time the portal was opened the self rechargeable was DC power supply battery arrangement source discharged flat. This left the quad forced to hang around each world until the power supply was charged enough to open it again. Quinn didn't realize until a few episode latter, what the warning of his double was. If the timer was prematurely incited it would corrupt the coordinates to get back home. This was what happened when trying to escape the approaching tornado in the Ice world.

Thus began the on going adventures of the sliders sliding from one world to the next hopping the next one would take them back home all throughout the series. One episode the portal to parallel words was referred to as an Einstein Pulaski Rosenberg bridge, presumably a discussion between Albert Einstein and a fellow physics called Pulaski and Rosenberg predicting gravity strong enough. A few episodes later the series introduced to alternate world beings called Crowmags illustrating different life forms evolved from any number of the combinations including us and our entire history on earth of our ancestral brothers the Cro-Magnon men that once lived along side us humans.

Theory goes billions of alternate realties these Crowmags evolved along side humans on one earth that was at constant war with these humans for centuries. In the sliders program Crowmags where also sliders bent on enslaving humans in the different worlds they traveled to. If you saw the series one can only imagine what it would be like to travel to parallel human worlds for ourselves. The curious romanced by the exciting possibility of creating a home grown wormhole in their bedroom or even the right conditions for time travel, turn to library books.

They soon uncovering vast amount of data about the Great German Scientific thinker Albert Einstein, becoming vary familiar with his theories curious if Mallory's machine could have duplicated. The sliders TV show showed implications of doubles that exist in the same space and time as us living different life because of the infinite amount of decisions we make alternately deciding our doubles and us outcome. The curious discover Quantum physics getting more and more intrigued become very familiar with what it is and how it works in relation to explaining how our doubles could exist in other parallel earth's.

The intrigued have so far been introduced to gateways to these double earths though the legendary wormholes though swatting up on black holes familiar with the books describing how how Einstein's matter bending space believed to created by the massive gravitational pull of the center supposed to great create infinitely deep sink wells in the very fabric of space. According to the sliders TV show the intrigued wish's they to can visit parallel earth's sliding inside one of the deep wells landing in worlds expecting to find slight but differences in Geological features almost identical to their our own