Our brain is a complex organic computer made of billions of live electrically active cells making up a live spongy mass. Without the electrical activity we are brain dead. We have all seen images of our brain. The largest part, a big cauliflower like mass split in two haves. If we see a video of it in action we would observe a constant electrical arching inside and out and crossing between the two hemispheres.
The electrical arching is the key in understand working memory. One of the important research clues has shown our thinking processes is not carried out in the one big mass but concentrated memory banks of our brains capability and abilities scattered all over both halves.
There are plenty of how the brain work books in the human antimony and health racks. Neurologically speaking can give us an incite into how our brain works. Social activity including self made millionaires who know how to get from rags to riches are clear examples of a thinking brain. Despite being broke they had the stones to strive at a means to and end at achieving their goal. It took a working brain highly intelligent at businesses. These self made had strong entrepreneur and marking wheeling and dealing brains.
Finding books that introduce us brain power like that is not hard to find. Ask to be directed to the anatomy, health, human sciences and the psychology corner. A little tip is the call numbers Liberians use on the spine of every book worthy of note. All adult book call numbers are the same children's that can be most helpful too.
The anatomy books and some psychology books go into detail mapping our brain structure. Our brains abilities are nothing more than memory banks. Research has shown our logical and rationally memory bank is a small corner in the left hemisphere. Another corner in the same hemisphere is a memory bank full of grammar and vocabulary data
Each corner is constantly detecting and dispatching electrical signals racing too and through across both hemispheres. A case in point the left side memory bank connected to the creativity and imagination memory bank corner over in the right side which dispatches results to many other parts memory bank corners. Other left side is a memory bank of numbers and how to calculate them but doesn't know anything about shapes and patens. The right side has a memory bank corner for these. Working electrical signals racing about our two hemispheres supplies a constant supply of memory about our memory banks.
The constant flow of criss-crossing electrical data plays an important roll. If internet video streaming is any analogy the live electrical flow of data about each corner is electrical activity while we are concentrating and in conversations expressed carrying the memory bank information to each other to processes expressed in terms of our working memory.
The electrically discharging nerve cells working memory system criss-crossing connecting corners are messengers dispatched by file clerks on a light speed scale. In terms of kilometers per hour under ten thousand and eighty million kilometers per velocities. At such incredible speeds we only know as normal conversation in progress.
Without the continues flow of working memory data flowing while we talk and concentrate we would be clinically brain dead. A short term memory is only an attempt to memorize just temporally memory destined to no longer be important to be deleted when not needed any more.
Other pockets in the left side is language memory bank corners but is not when it comes to putting it together. Right side corners don't know anything about the other only detecting the electrical signals flowing across the brains hemispheres signal only hard wired memory of how to put it together. During a conversation with another person both hemispheres are unaware of each other but for the electrical signals working as our working memory. All they know is receiving processing and dispatching a constant flow of information back and forth all over our brain. linking nerve cells are electrical impulses on a light speed scale.
The left side is the brains minds eye that only knows as abstract thoughts and imagery memory. A right side corner only knows it detects them as electrical signals hard wired at converting into verbal syntax sentences dispatching the resulting signals in a two way electrical arcing working as our working memory. The result all we know is a normal conversation with another person or streaming smoothly songs when singing.
Teamwork detection between the hemispheres the right side has a memory at organizing a chaotic and disordered working memory flow from all over our brain reorganizing into ordered describing, explaining and general conversation converting thoughts and images and decisions verbally into management instructions and orders. You think that's complicated. There's more.
Research has shown other isolated pockets of the left side is a memory bank of how to think before leaping rationally thinking, the right side doesn't know anything about. In other words the right side is incapable of looking before it leaps automatically skipping instruction on to the next levels when not finished with the other. Our working memory data flow in constant communication with the memory bank allows us to think and analyse with clearly that controls an otherwise out of control impulsiveness of the right side. In other words the left side prevents the right side from skipping ahead of itself.
Like language communication writing involves the working team work of the working memory between our two hemisphere memory banks. The right side has a corner where our "Ahhhh. Erika! I've just thought of something" inspiration in electrical signals come from the left doesn't know anything about. All it knows it detects electrical representations of image and thoughts about the inspiration. ( The working memory communication ).
The right side detects these converting them into concrete sentences during speech. The right side pieces together a jigsaw puzzle array of the language memory centre detected by the working memory flow detected by the file clerks dispatching associated memory data back out as working memory again.
All in all, a team work isolated long term memory pockets and working memory received and dispatched all over our brains. All the memory banks, and file clerks detecting and electrical signals dispatching memory files in electrical surges as our working memory the right side detected imagery data of the working memory flow sourcing the memory bank creating putting everything together relayed back into working memory flow on as language sentences as we talk to others.
Research has shown the right side has pockets of creativity and intuitions memory banks. These corners don't know anything else but detection of electrical signals representing shapes and motion from our working memory.
The right side corners is hard wired only for primarily rough math's deduction. The left side seems to have the ability to detected the data converting it to specific precise and more accurate details finalizing into words and sentences or speech. Of coarse the synapse firing of all the nerve cells of our working memory on a light speed scale all happen in less than a fraction of a second to us.
Other memory bank corners in the right side to detect inspirations, imageries, thoughts and imagination from the working memory flow then dispatches representing electrical signals else where as working memory flow.
Isolated memory bank pockets of the left hemisphere only detects the signals as associated data processes carried by the working memory putting in perspective then dispatched in electrical working memory signals and else where memory bank pockets detect and processes appropriately and dispatches electrical working memory signal flows all over the brain as a result.
Right side memory bank corners has memory only for three dimensional space knowing nothing of photograph like two demission. The working memory supplies the three dimension depth perception of our limbs. The working memory supplies the data of our body functions the same way. Right side memory bank corners is where our music recognition centres lay.
Our working memory system, is responsible for being aware of our emotional memory bank corners in the right side dispatching the information as working memory flow with out knowing each other exists. The combined reactions makes sense of sound track we hear. Our memory response dispatching memory our emotional centre only detect we pick up whether it is to our taste or not. Of cause the synapse firing on light speed scales we instantly know we like or don't like the music we hear.
Working memory supply the right side memory banks centres information about objects and position in three dimensions, tells the difference between two dimensional photographs and line drawings to the three dimensional reality. The memory banks are where our image and optical illusions are located when they see's them and spot tricks in tricky riddles sending back solutions and emotional responses though the working memory system. This is expressed as spatula reasoning.
If one or two of the memory banks or working memory is weaker than average then the other centres are stronger one side of the brain overall dominates in particular skill. In other words there is left and right side dominance resulting in the illusion of slow individuals. They are only displaying week corners. They can be bright and intelligent in their dominating halves.
If any is well developed ( above average ) are dominance over the others we have prodigies. In terms of what this means striving to be a millionaire for example boils down to our brain's strong sense of businesses wheeling and dealing corners of their brain. Self made millionaires may have had a well developed above average businesses sense corner. The rags to riches stories may well have been just driven by the highly developed entrepreneur and market guru businesses corners responsible for recognizing businesses and profit was very strong.
The bottom line our brain is involved in many properties of our lives such in all the sciences, mathematics, language, rational thought, empathy with others, writing, music, imagination, spatial reasoning to art and graft, wheeling and dealing business intelligence from a well developed corner of the brain. Prodigies are not to be envied because of only a few corners may have just been highly active more than usual dominating
There is a lot of other areas in a prodigy life stiles that are often neglected. Albert Einstein for example was gifted at scientific spatial reasoning but history has recorded him not exactly a strong suite as a gifted lover.
The bottom line is when one side of the brain is stronger than the other the other will seem weaker. If a business Conner is strong clarity and instinctive insight only in that area is dominate. If the left side is weaker than the right the right side characteristics is dominant and vice versa if the right side is weaker than the left the left characteristics dominate.
If you need an example of not coming naturally is Einstein, Isaac Newtown and Allan Turning ( Allan turning was a world war two encryption specialist corner of the brain responsible for code deciphering was very strong ) had strong active mathematic ability but very week in business. Week business tend to neglect business. Many famous prodigies were not good at business issues. Ford is the result of Hennery Ford's brain strongly active in founding his business. The part of our brain responsible for politics was strongly active in Adolph Hitler. Our brains are strong in one area and week in others.
The point of looking at books about our brain showing images where all the features lay all if a corners of our brain is stronger than usual. It is alive in this area. A strong activity in politics is indigent in that area with others week will be seem very slow, to never not interested at all.
A mind with a dominating sense of three dimension may have a week sense of two demission issues.
Line drawings and two dimensional charts may be daunting to understand easily where the person immediately recognizes three dimension images as the are seeing a solution straight away. If we invert this a person may find have three dimensional technical drawing issues but a genius at recognizing straight away what any two dimensional line drawing charts represent. One or the other has it's advantages in te work place.
Between the two hemispheres detecting and dispatching their results all over the whole brain can recognize to convert a two dimensional representation of of a three dimensional object to three dimensional form and back in the minds eye. If one side is weaker than the other there will be issues with one side dominating in the skill and the other neglected.
IQ tests don't test our IQ but test which side of our brain is more dominant. The tests are full of tricky riddles and optical illusions testing both side of the brain together in one test. One indicator to psychologists of week half if a testee had left some puzzles unsolved. It is a indication the person was stumped indicating a test of the weaker part of the brain was found. Persistent regularity of the unsolved optical illusion and riddles is very important in the results of the test.
If there was no time limit an attempt is often made to make a favourable impression will take to much time in trying to solve every puzzle that stumps them. Psychologist just what to know which side is more dominant than the other which is why it is important any puzzle that stumps them straight away needs to be passed over leaving unsolved straight away.
That is why there is a time limited imposed on IQ tests. Otherwise the testee's attempt only gives inconclusive results of the realty which side of their dominates the persons life. Riddles and optical illusion side that was solved whiten the time allotted is a indication of they found easy to solve quickly indicating the side of the brain that dominates.
We can apply the same strata gee to ourselves with local library IQ test books. Any riddles and optical illusions that stump you pass over straight away and you will find to your surprise and delight their will be some that you find easy to solve quickly.
Telling up the puzzles you paste over you will find a paten you can judge for yourself which side of your brain is dominant. What's left is the puzzles you found easy to solve leaving you with the paten of that dominates your real IQ.
Saturday, June 21, 2014
Wednesday, April 23, 2014
Fixing bicycle breaking spoke problem once and for all
Normally bicycle spokes don't give any problems. There are issues using common garden variety bikes like a donkey though. Handle bar basket and rear carrier mounted cargo back packer tourist bike types are ideal. The wheels are thick stainless steel spokes and rims deigned for that sort of thing. Constant broken spoke frustrations often begin when rebuilding customizing wheels using parts from several wheels. Parts are not interchange as might think. Although some times one wheel may fit another frame like a clove they are not entirely interchangeable either often the cause of constantly breaking spokes due to a variety of reasons.
One of the important part of interchanging wheels is the knowledge of wheel size. Overall wheel size is tire size. There are, skinny racing and commuter types to wide mountain tires. Tape measures tell you tires come in metric and imperial inches. Commuter bike wheels measure seven hundred millimeters ( seventy centimeters ) across ( just under three quarter meter ) with about twenty five millimeters wide expressed as seven hundred C. On the flip side of the tape is the imperial inches that measure old rare tires, twenty eight inches across, more common twenty seven a very common twenty six inch diameter with width readings ranging from a half inch to an three quarter wide.
Mountain bike tires range from a metric seven hundred C, twelve inches ( one foot for little ones ) twenty four, and twenty six inches across and an inch or two wide. You will find sizes are confirmed stamped on the side of the tire wall. In both metric and imperial markings gives the diameter and width of the tire. Tape measures will confirm the relative rim size. What looks like the same size tire at a glance fitting a seven hundred C tire onto a twenty six inch rim for example the metric tire will be far too small.
A metric wheel mounted in a frame depending on the original imperial inch wheel will give brake alignment issues either to high or to low problems. There is a lot of tolerance lei way between a seven hundred C and twenty six imperial inch inch wheel with rim and disc brakes that can be adjusted to accommodate pressing rim or the disc ( called a rotor ) properly.
The main cause of constant breaking spoke problem is an Improper line up between the rear wheel drop out stays is caused a dished wheel fitted into a drop out designed for a non dished wheel or vice versa . If you look at a wheel tire on or the rim head on you'll observe some wheels the gear cluster ( or drive ) side looks dished outwards a bit and the opposite side looks flat. In others both sides look flat. The dished wheel is a dish wheel while flat both sides is a symmetrical wheel, The difference will cause off set alignment problems between the rear wheel drop out stays and front forks.
The problem is compounded if making up a customized wheels from bits and pieces from various wheel parts. Tape measures readings show many variations in hub widths that determines the gap across the from fork and rear wheel drop out gaps in various frames .
Observing the how many rear wheel sprockets of external multi sprocket back wheels there are gives you speed ratings that determines the gap across the drop out. Speed ratting is when we multiply the number of rear wheel sprockets by the number of front chain wheels on the crank. Five is a common racing bike wheel designed for bikes with double front chain wheel arrangements. Up to seven is exclusively mountain bikes designed either a double or triple front front chain wheel. The bike speed facture determines the number of sprockets that determines the length of the width of the hub which in turn determines the drop out width issue. The narrowest hub is a 10 speed ( five rear wheel and two crank set sprockets ) and the widest a twenty one speed ( seven rear wheel and three crank sprockets.
Anybody who knows mathematics well will testify to the laws of mathematics we can multiply the front crank sprockets by the rear sprockets. We can divide any speed by the number of crank sprockets giving us the number of rear wheel sprockets. We can dived any speed by any rear wheel sprockets number giving us the number of front chain wheels sprockets. Eighteen speed divided by six rear wheel sprockets we ask our selves how many six's go into eighteen. Three, six's are eighteen respectively. So taking into account of wheel size, judging the number of sprockets on rear wheels we can judge the speed of the bike the wheel came from telling us the width of the drop out of the frame frame and vice versa. A typical tape measure will confirm the differences in the drop out gap of different speed frames.
There are other issues that will cause braking spokes. We can see from observing rear wheels the drive side either looks dished or flat looking ( symmetrical ) both sides. It is another issue that determines the width of the rear wheel drop out. The widest frame is a 21 speed dished gear cluster side and the narrowest is a symmetrical ( both sides flat looking ) 10 speed.
Without any regards to fitting wheels subsisting is a potential risk of a miss match between the wheel and the frame. Symptoms include an improper alignment between the rear wheel drop out stay arms. In a case of a 21 speed wheel fitted to a 10 speed drop out the rear wheel will tend to be off set to close to one side millimeters away from rubbing the rear wheel stay arm to actually rubbing. With rim brakes rubbing on the rubbers ( and not fitting between the gap in disc brake bikes ) properly. For proper alignment in the frame the correct wheel is essential.
As a rule of thump knowing the speed of the frame any wheel with a match fit will fit properly between the drop out stay arms. If switching wheels round it is necessary make sure you know the width, ( a tape measure confirmation of the drop out width is always helpful to know ) knowing the symmetry of the wheel suitable. Looking at bike wheels tire side head on you will observe either the sprocket ( or a multi gear cluster side ) will appear dished in some and flat on both sides with other wheels. The dished wheels are dish symmetry and flat on both sides are expressed as symmetrical wheels.
Front wheel spokes are easier replace than the drive side of rear wheels. Spokes are threaded right behind the sprocket or cluster cluster which need to be removed. Different manufactures have different tool deigns for the job which require a different gear cluster removal tools.
Taking into account of the wheel size observing the spoke arrangement of the front wheel the same pattern as the rear. The number of spokes varies from forty spokes of cargo carrying capacity wheels thirty eight about minimum. Very common and not really meant for any cargo carrying capacity thirty six and 34.Counting the number of your spokes tells you the status of your wheel design.
Examine a wheel you will observe spokes are strung on angles crossing each other once, twice, three times and sometimes four. Racing bike spokes are known to be only once. Commuter bikes three times times and cargo carrying capacity four times.
Turning you attention to the hub flange the spokes are mounted supporting the wheel on the axle there is a left and right hand side paten of wheels in the spoke arrangement. The spoke heads in the hub flange alternate in and out, Inwards for one side and out wards for the other side. It doesn't matter which is which with the in and out paten relative to the left and right sides the principle holds.
Taking measurements of the tire, dished or symmetrical, counting the number of spokes, the number of times they cross each other and the number of sprockets of the rear wheel into account tells the type of bike you have or trying to rebuild for the current frame type you intend to mount in. This is a vital information you need to know if you are into rebuilding wheels. If you are practicing rebuilding wheels a tape measure can be an indispensable part of your tool kit. You can use the tape to find any spare spoke or spokes that will do the job.
Replacing a broken spoke on the gear cluster side of a rear wheel the old out dated screw on gear cluster needs the corresponding out dated tool too. For a single rear gear generally held on by a clip or needs a tool that fits two little dots impresses.
The out dated multi gear cluster bike has two lugs that fit in the slots in the gear cluster sprockets where the axial goes though. There is no need to remove the axel as you can fit the tool over it passing though a hole in the tool. The undo threading direction is the peddling forward direction. During the life of the wheel the peddling torque constantly tightened on the hub, so don't be suppressed if it is on so tight will never seem to be able to come off without the proper tool. Bicycle reaper shops have the tool resources and a vice.
The procedure to use the tool it is anchored in the jaws of a vice. When the wheel is removed it is place over it connecting into the lugs. There is lots of room the size of the for powerful grappling torque pulling the wheel round like holding onto a steering wheel.
Modem bike hub tools are a spline types like a slid on vehicle gearbox splines where the gear cluster held in place by the smallest sprocket. There is two sizes. It'll be very difficult to gage the size the tool required by eye with the wheel on. The wheel is best removed and measured by spare tools of the different sizes. You can take the wheel to a bike shop and try there if you have to fit one.
Once the first sprocket is loosened you can be unscrewed, the rest of the glister slides off the splined hub in one piece called a cassette. Alternatively the older you can get a way with a box spanner that fits in the smallest sprocket spline with out the need of a vice. An advantage you can use a ring spanner at the maximum leverage for tight ones. Once the gear cluster is removed the spoke can be replaced according the the spoke pattern the spoke head inwards for one side or the other.
To remove the wheel turn the bike upside down resting on the seat and handlebars. If a broken spoke behind the rear wheel gear cluster you will need to remove it. The rear wheel gear derailleur willstay on the bike when you remove the rear wheel.
Set the gear lever so the chain is engaged with the smallest sprocket
Undo the wheel nuts enough the wheel is only loose in the drop outs. Or if one of those quick release wheels undo the lever so that the wheel only lose. They can stay on the axel when you lift out the wheel so they don't get lost.
If your bike has rim brakes the brake pads will inevitably catch on the inflated wall of the tire preventing the wheel from coming out. Problem solved when you have to take the tire off to get at the spoke nipples in the rim. Deflate the tire vacuum flat. Vacuum flat the tire walls clears the break pads.
Lifting the wheel up and backwards with one hand clearing the chain from the gear cluster with the other you can lift out the wheel. The gear cluster remains in place.
The next step is removing the tire.
Replacing a spoke on the gear cluster side after removing the gear cluster replace the tire-less wheel back into the drop out and finger tight the wheel nuts.
Take out the broken spoke threading the new one according the head pattern of the hub flange crossing the other spokes fitting the thread to the spoke hole in the rim threading the spoke nipple on to the thread of the new spoke.
Don't wrench tight the spoke nipple with the spoke tool. Leave sloppy. This is because if you do you will be pulling downward part of the rim creating a depression that creates an egg shape in the rim.
Rotate the wheel observing a side to side wobble between the brake pads. Side to side wobble indicates you will create an egg shape if you tighten the loose spoke. Top prevent this from happening move the wheel so the loose spoke is between the brake pads. Ignoring the loose spoke slightly loosen the 2 opposite side spoke nipples. The side to side wobble will attempt to straighten a bit.
You will find loosing the other 2 loose the loose spoke will feel tighter. Don't wrench tight. Only adjust at a maximum of quarter turn Turn you attention back to the other 2 spokes adjusting them again. Alternate adjust between the 3 nipples till the rim runs true between the brakes rubbers.
All that needs to be done now is to remove the wheel and reassemble the tire. Don't inflate because the brake pads catching on the expanded tire wall will prevent you from fitting the wheel. Inflate once back in the bike.
Wednesday, April 2, 2014
Origins of whormholes
According to Einstein's General theory of relativity the mass of Planets and stars bend space. A common analogy likens it to a heavy bowling ball in the centre of a trampoline. But space is not like a flat trampoline pad. It is a three dimensional geometry of depth every direction. There is no such thing as a up and down only a left and right direction in every direction. If anything planet and stars being spherical would tend to collapse space round the entire circumferences. In effect shrinking collapsing space into them rather than bending a flat surface.
The consequence of the earth's tilt and spin speed should be taken into account if we are to look into the effect of the earth distorting space putting the south Pacific twenty for hours ahead of the North Atlantic every day. According to the General theory of relativity says in effect the Chatom Islands South of New Zealand are bending space just as Northern Britain the other side of the word is right now. In fact every cubic meter of the earth's surface right down to your own back yard.
The collapse round the circumference is what keeps the air we breath, the sea and everything else pressed ( or pulled ) onto to the earth's crust in terms of a kilogram per cubic meter at sea level. In terms of the total mass about eighteen trillion metric tons of space squeezing the entire circumference.
Earth science tells us the earth's crust is a series of plates like a cracked egg shell floating on top of Melton Magma. The spin and orbital centrifugal forces keeps the magma rotating. The consequences generates the earth's magnetic filed turning the earth into a magnetized sphere the north and south poles protecting the earth atmosphere from the ravages of space radiation particularly from our nearby star our sun. In other words the spin velocity.
The solar system's star ( our sun ) equally shrinks space round the entire circumference. If Einstein is right the mass of the sun causes space to shrink on it. In terms of tonnage would be well in excesses of several hundred thousands of millions, of trillions of tones per cubic kilometer of inward compressing pressure of space. Just a cubic kilometer of it's surface would weigh as much as the moon. In terms of scale. On the surface of the sun a viaticum we all carrying round inside us weighing mere few micrograms would weight as much as an ocean liner.
The shrinkage creates a curve round the bodies other bodies orbit like the earth and our solar system planets round our nearest star and the moon round the earth. The velocities of orbiting bodies is very important in maintaining a stable orbit. They are slow enough not to spiral out of control into each other yet not high enough to escape the curve. In other words the curve escape velocity.
Supper giant stars are hundreds of thousands of times heavier. The distorted curve they produce will be very step. All stars including our own are kept from being crushed inwards by the distortion by well over trillions of tones per cubic kilometer expanding pressure on the sun's surface produced by constant thermal nuclear explosions. The cascade began from a build up compression from the distorting space pressure heating Hydrogen enough to fuse into Helium what makes stars expand and shine.
The expansion is resisting the compression of the distorting space. The outer layers are plentiful with hydrogen. The under layers are not. When the outer layers get used up space compresses pulls heavier producing more heat starting to fuse the heavier under layers. Layer by layer by a few million years producing the atoms of the elements right down to the heaviest carbon the last to be produced.
It takes several hundreds of thousands of millions of billions of trillions of tones per kilometer from the distorted space pressuring the stars surface to create carbon. At this pressure vitamin C we carry in our blood stream would weigh as much as a supper Tanker. When carbon runs to low to sustain it mass the any longer the outer layers explodes against the enormous pressure of space injecting into space on at light speed. Anything in it's path is subjected to several hundreds of millions of degrees centigrade traveling at that velocity. Whole planets as big Jupiter would be incinerated several millions of kilometres away. To survive a supper nova has to be a couple of thousand million, trillion Kilometres away.
When zero pressure is left space collapses the remains to a spherical point smaller than a particle of the atom called a singularity. The unit is a Planck constant a tiny decimal fraction, forty zeros on the left of six, six, two, six, ( or six, six, two, six zero six, nine, five, seven to be exact ) a total of a forty three decimal number. Like light speed the value is fixed. It is a finite number worked out by a German physicist Max Plank in 1900.
Physicists loved it because it is a unique constant value that turns out not to be infinite expressed as a Planck constant. It is the final decimal places making the number itself finite. Scientific notation tells us six, point six, two, six, zero six, nine, five, seven, divided by ten forty three times. In other words times ten to the minus forty three. The number shows it's not smaller than that which has bee adopted as the Planck constant the smallest value of the universes. According to the finality of the number nothing can be smaller
The constant is not the diameter of a singularity because of the number says can't be smaller than the radius ( from the center to the edge ). Mathematics tells us the diameter can be worked out using Pi ( pie ) calculating the volume of spheres, taking the radius as the Plank length value and pi that calculates the true diameter and circumference.
The law of mathematics tells us the reciprocal of a Plank constant is the same six, six, two six, number relocated on the left of the same number of zeros ( six. point, two, six times ten to the forty three ) giving a positive number in terms of tonnage per cubic volume at the same value in the minus scale ( ten to the minus forty three ).
In other words mathematics defines a singularity as the Planck pi defining the diameter shrunk to a Plank constant in the minus value weighing the Plank constant in the positive value. Wormholes are sited as the by product of this condition in space. In other words the singularity in the centre of black hole is on a Planck scale in the minus value and mass in the positive.
Most of us by now would be wondering by now about time in the black hole. Most believe time is infinite inside a black hole because we are looking into a black hole from the outside of the universe point of view. There is two directions.
Not only from our point of view but also from looking from inside a black hole outward towards the universe point of view too. Our belief time inside a black hole tells us time looking from the inside out towards the universe must be equally infinite How every the Planck constant tells us it should only be slowed down the value of the positive value as slow as our environment second.
We can see this if a Planck's constant is 0.00000000000000000000000000000000066260957. Meters, kilograms, and of a second or 66,260,957,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,0000,000 meters, kilograms,( Planck mass ) and seconds. In metric tones, kilometres and years six zeros less. The age of the universe so far is only 14,000,000,000,000 ( six zeros a Billion ) years. In terms of centuries only 140,000. At lest double that years is only twenty four zeros let a lone the rest of the zeros in time.
If time is slowed down looking into a black hole from outside the universe looking from the inside to the universe time must be speed up the positive value of the Planck constant. Looking into a black hole from our universe point of view perception every second in there is a Planck constant in the positive value as slow as every second on earth. For every second seen inside a black hole is Planck constant in seconds on earth of time.
Mathematics challenges our mathematical instinct how many years if the Planck constant in the positive value in seconds? I'm sure anybody into challenging mathematics can convert into years. In other words from looking inside a black hole outwards towards the universe see's every second on earth in years as fast. Every second passes on earth we can convert to years even in centuries.
Mathematics will project several hundred thousand trillion centuries would pass on earth every second inside a black hole as slow or as fast depending which direction we observe the hole or universe. Several hundred trillion centuries may seem infinite but at the end of the day is no where near infinite.
Encountering a black hole light is captured in orbit where the velocity isn't high enough to escape the pull of the Planck mass. In other words absorbing a hundred percept of light. Or in another term caught in a endless loop. It is no longer a straight line. Since there will be no light escaping the singularity ends up looking the same colour as the back drop of space.
Orbiting light effectively hides it. In theory if light was a little faster may escape. But currently the maximum speed limit is bellow the clutches needed so remains in permanent orbit. Another possible scenario the particles of light ( Photons ) become so heavy the waveform energy is dampened to zero or at lets to bellow we can see them.
Meanwhile light from the universe travels in a straight line reaching our eyes we see with while we don't observe the endless circling or zero energy light round the singularity ending up the same colour as the back drop of space forming a black hole where the edge of the darkness is expressed as the event horizon. About a light second from this point of no return boundary is the last escape velocity boundary called the ergosphere.
When Germany was occupied fighting the British in the Battle of the Somme in World war one an off duty German field Gunner and astronomer Karl Schwarzschild ( shawtz child ) came across Einstein's general theory of relativity recently published by Annuals der funk science magazine. Catching his attention matter bends space Schwarzschild's curiosity was aroused wondering what the impact on the earth would be is gravity was strong enough to capture a hundred percept of light.
He turned to mathematics for help.
Mathematics calculates spheres from the centre to the edge called the radius. Armed with the radius of the earth and the speed of light he found a theoretical scenario the gravity needed would compress the current mass of the earth down to a size of a pea. For the sun about a 3cm radius he called a singularity. He sent his findings to Albert Einstein who was pleased with the calculations. Since then it has become known as the Schwarzschild radius Today Schwarzschild's singularities are the known as centre of black holes. The black void that extends millions of kilometres across hides the singularity.
During the next decade advances in quantum physicists showed evidence photons and the particles of the atom displayed a tendency of being two places at the same time. There was sufficient cause to believe particles in this part of the universe may be influenced by particles clear across the other side. Einstein supported by a couple of colleagues Boris Podolskv and Nathan Rosen thought this was ridiculous specially since nothing can go faster than light. Einstein personally thought was some kind of wild spooking action at a distance speculation. The trio were not impressed.
In 1935 the they teamed up to write a paper to discredit Quantum physics once and for all. In doing so they found it more or less inconclusive. But did came up with an interesting question what would happen if a pair of singularities meet. It was supposed if the dark regions of space was back to back the two tunnels in space would link forming a tunnel in space at each end of the dark regions.
In theory if we could observe the universes from the inside a looking outwards to the universe we may find we are blinded by the share brightness of the endlessly orbiting light. Reality can sometimes throw a curve ball on that thought though.
Lets assume operating on the principle the mass of a singularity bending space we can assume the deep well on a Planck scale. The Planck constant in the positive value in terms of Kilometres deep the diameter of the singularity wide. ( or converted to miles if you like ).
The consequence of the earth's tilt and spin speed should be taken into account if we are to look into the effect of the earth distorting space putting the south Pacific twenty for hours ahead of the North Atlantic every day. According to the General theory of relativity says in effect the Chatom Islands South of New Zealand are bending space just as Northern Britain the other side of the word is right now. In fact every cubic meter of the earth's surface right down to your own back yard.
The collapse round the circumference is what keeps the air we breath, the sea and everything else pressed ( or pulled ) onto to the earth's crust in terms of a kilogram per cubic meter at sea level. In terms of the total mass about eighteen trillion metric tons of space squeezing the entire circumference.
Earth science tells us the earth's crust is a series of plates like a cracked egg shell floating on top of Melton Magma. The spin and orbital centrifugal forces keeps the magma rotating. The consequences generates the earth's magnetic filed turning the earth into a magnetized sphere the north and south poles protecting the earth atmosphere from the ravages of space radiation particularly from our nearby star our sun. In other words the spin velocity.
The solar system's star ( our sun ) equally shrinks space round the entire circumference. If Einstein is right the mass of the sun causes space to shrink on it. In terms of tonnage would be well in excesses of several hundred thousands of millions, of trillions of tones per cubic kilometer of inward compressing pressure of space. Just a cubic kilometer of it's surface would weigh as much as the moon. In terms of scale. On the surface of the sun a viaticum we all carrying round inside us weighing mere few micrograms would weight as much as an ocean liner.
The shrinkage creates a curve round the bodies other bodies orbit like the earth and our solar system planets round our nearest star and the moon round the earth. The velocities of orbiting bodies is very important in maintaining a stable orbit. They are slow enough not to spiral out of control into each other yet not high enough to escape the curve. In other words the curve escape velocity.
Supper giant stars are hundreds of thousands of times heavier. The distorted curve they produce will be very step. All stars including our own are kept from being crushed inwards by the distortion by well over trillions of tones per cubic kilometer expanding pressure on the sun's surface produced by constant thermal nuclear explosions. The cascade began from a build up compression from the distorting space pressure heating Hydrogen enough to fuse into Helium what makes stars expand and shine.
The expansion is resisting the compression of the distorting space. The outer layers are plentiful with hydrogen. The under layers are not. When the outer layers get used up space compresses pulls heavier producing more heat starting to fuse the heavier under layers. Layer by layer by a few million years producing the atoms of the elements right down to the heaviest carbon the last to be produced.
It takes several hundreds of thousands of millions of billions of trillions of tones per kilometer from the distorted space pressuring the stars surface to create carbon. At this pressure vitamin C we carry in our blood stream would weigh as much as a supper Tanker. When carbon runs to low to sustain it mass the any longer the outer layers explodes against the enormous pressure of space injecting into space on at light speed. Anything in it's path is subjected to several hundreds of millions of degrees centigrade traveling at that velocity. Whole planets as big Jupiter would be incinerated several millions of kilometres away. To survive a supper nova has to be a couple of thousand million, trillion Kilometres away.
When zero pressure is left space collapses the remains to a spherical point smaller than a particle of the atom called a singularity. The unit is a Planck constant a tiny decimal fraction, forty zeros on the left of six, six, two, six, ( or six, six, two, six zero six, nine, five, seven to be exact ) a total of a forty three decimal number. Like light speed the value is fixed. It is a finite number worked out by a German physicist Max Plank in 1900.
Physicists loved it because it is a unique constant value that turns out not to be infinite expressed as a Planck constant. It is the final decimal places making the number itself finite. Scientific notation tells us six, point six, two, six, zero six, nine, five, seven, divided by ten forty three times. In other words times ten to the minus forty three. The number shows it's not smaller than that which has bee adopted as the Planck constant the smallest value of the universes. According to the finality of the number nothing can be smaller
The constant is not the diameter of a singularity because of the number says can't be smaller than the radius ( from the center to the edge ). Mathematics tells us the diameter can be worked out using Pi ( pie ) calculating the volume of spheres, taking the radius as the Plank length value and pi that calculates the true diameter and circumference.
The law of mathematics tells us the reciprocal of a Plank constant is the same six, six, two six, number relocated on the left of the same number of zeros ( six. point, two, six times ten to the forty three ) giving a positive number in terms of tonnage per cubic volume at the same value in the minus scale ( ten to the minus forty three ).
In other words mathematics defines a singularity as the Planck pi defining the diameter shrunk to a Plank constant in the minus value weighing the Plank constant in the positive value. Wormholes are sited as the by product of this condition in space. In other words the singularity in the centre of black hole is on a Planck scale in the minus value and mass in the positive.
Most of us by now would be wondering by now about time in the black hole. Most believe time is infinite inside a black hole because we are looking into a black hole from the outside of the universe point of view. There is two directions.
Not only from our point of view but also from looking from inside a black hole outward towards the universe point of view too. Our belief time inside a black hole tells us time looking from the inside out towards the universe must be equally infinite How every the Planck constant tells us it should only be slowed down the value of the positive value as slow as our environment second.
We can see this if a Planck's constant is 0.00000000000000000000000000000000066260957. Meters, kilograms, and of a second or 66,260,957,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,0000,000 meters, kilograms,( Planck mass ) and seconds. In metric tones, kilometres and years six zeros less. The age of the universe so far is only 14,000,000,000,000 ( six zeros a Billion ) years. In terms of centuries only 140,000. At lest double that years is only twenty four zeros let a lone the rest of the zeros in time.
If time is slowed down looking into a black hole from outside the universe looking from the inside to the universe time must be speed up the positive value of the Planck constant. Looking into a black hole from our universe point of view perception every second in there is a Planck constant in the positive value as slow as every second on earth. For every second seen inside a black hole is Planck constant in seconds on earth of time.
Mathematics challenges our mathematical instinct how many years if the Planck constant in the positive value in seconds? I'm sure anybody into challenging mathematics can convert into years. In other words from looking inside a black hole outwards towards the universe see's every second on earth in years as fast. Every second passes on earth we can convert to years even in centuries.
Mathematics will project several hundred thousand trillion centuries would pass on earth every second inside a black hole as slow or as fast depending which direction we observe the hole or universe. Several hundred trillion centuries may seem infinite but at the end of the day is no where near infinite.
Encountering a black hole light is captured in orbit where the velocity isn't high enough to escape the pull of the Planck mass. In other words absorbing a hundred percept of light. Or in another term caught in a endless loop. It is no longer a straight line. Since there will be no light escaping the singularity ends up looking the same colour as the back drop of space.
Orbiting light effectively hides it. In theory if light was a little faster may escape. But currently the maximum speed limit is bellow the clutches needed so remains in permanent orbit. Another possible scenario the particles of light ( Photons ) become so heavy the waveform energy is dampened to zero or at lets to bellow we can see them.
Meanwhile light from the universe travels in a straight line reaching our eyes we see with while we don't observe the endless circling or zero energy light round the singularity ending up the same colour as the back drop of space forming a black hole where the edge of the darkness is expressed as the event horizon. About a light second from this point of no return boundary is the last escape velocity boundary called the ergosphere.
When Germany was occupied fighting the British in the Battle of the Somme in World war one an off duty German field Gunner and astronomer Karl Schwarzschild ( shawtz child ) came across Einstein's general theory of relativity recently published by Annuals der funk science magazine. Catching his attention matter bends space Schwarzschild's curiosity was aroused wondering what the impact on the earth would be is gravity was strong enough to capture a hundred percept of light.
He turned to mathematics for help.
Mathematics calculates spheres from the centre to the edge called the radius. Armed with the radius of the earth and the speed of light he found a theoretical scenario the gravity needed would compress the current mass of the earth down to a size of a pea. For the sun about a 3cm radius he called a singularity. He sent his findings to Albert Einstein who was pleased with the calculations. Since then it has become known as the Schwarzschild radius Today Schwarzschild's singularities are the known as centre of black holes. The black void that extends millions of kilometres across hides the singularity.
During the next decade advances in quantum physicists showed evidence photons and the particles of the atom displayed a tendency of being two places at the same time. There was sufficient cause to believe particles in this part of the universe may be influenced by particles clear across the other side. Einstein supported by a couple of colleagues Boris Podolskv and Nathan Rosen thought this was ridiculous specially since nothing can go faster than light. Einstein personally thought was some kind of wild spooking action at a distance speculation. The trio were not impressed.
In 1935 the they teamed up to write a paper to discredit Quantum physics once and for all. In doing so they found it more or less inconclusive. But did came up with an interesting question what would happen if a pair of singularities meet. It was supposed if the dark regions of space was back to back the two tunnels in space would link forming a tunnel in space at each end of the dark regions.
In theory if we could observe the universes from the inside a looking outwards to the universe we may find we are blinded by the share brightness of the endlessly orbiting light. Reality can sometimes throw a curve ball on that thought though.
Lets assume operating on the principle the mass of a singularity bending space we can assume the deep well on a Planck scale. The Planck constant in the positive value in terms of Kilometres deep the diameter of the singularity wide. ( or converted to miles if you like ).
Sunday, March 23, 2014
Light speed
Fifty years ago CBS studios producing the original science fiction TV series Stare Trek wanted it creditable for a Star Ship to exceed the speed of light. Unfortunately it was common knowledge we can't or at lest Albert Einstein's theory of relativity plays a key roll telling us the physics says it can't be done.
Some believed time would stop. CBS was advised by their scientific advisers with a plan that had become known in the Trekie world as warp drive in Star Wars called hyper drive. At the end of the credit themes at the beginning of every Star trek episode, including the Next Generation, and Voyager, the ships would stretch like a rubber band and snap forward disappearing into infinity. In the Star Wars movies audiences got a first hand panoramic front set view though Hans Solo's ship's Cockpit window. Also the British TV series Doctor who visual effects in the main theme. These were the visions of what it would be like at light speed.
The idea of the original Star Trek was to involve the engines carefully mixing antimatter with matter. what's antimatter?
Well.......about eighty years ago a theoretical proposal by an English Physicist Paul Diac matter has an opposite mirror image of itself. Image editor programs make this clear enough using the negative tool on any photo. You can switch from normal to the negative view and back. Normal views is a good analogy of matter and the negative view antimatter.
The idea came to Diac from the crowing study of the particle physics of the atom called Quantum physics. The atom was seen as a cloud of particles racing round round a central particles on a light speed scale. These are called electrons seen as having a negative electrical charge and a core particle ( Nucleus ) called a proton a positive charge. Daic proposed what if it was possible positively charged electrons and negatively charged protons exiting.
In the law of physics opposite charges react to each other. We can see this in action with magnets. We all find out about magnetism playing round with magnets discovering not only do they stick to one another but equally push each other away with some considerable equal force. A bar magnet free to swing in a sling acts as a campus. Allowed to swing freely will align themselves across the earth's north and south poles. One end "pushes" away from the north pole while the other end is "pulled" to the south pole in equal strengths lining up in that direction. Thus North and south seeking poles exist in all magnetic fields from horseshoe to spheres.
Operating on the same principle the possessiveness of the protons are repelled by the positive charge of the neighboring protons and electrons are equally repelled by the negative charge of neighboring electrons. In other words like charges occupying the same space repel each other. However the two opposite charges are attracted to each other. In the nineteen twenties lead by Niels Borhr there was a great deal of debate about why the electrons are not attracted collapsing into the positive charge of the nucleus. A classical physics view point tells us the collapse is prevented by the theory of light speed scale momentum forces generated on the electrons racing round it preventing them from flying away. The two opposing forces are well balanced holding the atom from crushing into the nucleus and from exploding apart. In
In Borhr contended electrons jump from orbit to orbit. Because their is a closest orbit there is no orbit to jump into. Thus cannot jump into the nucleus. What ever the case maybe the current theories how matter is held together.
Exactly the same processes holds antimatter together. The theory is if antimatter and mater is mixed the repelling forces of the positive protons in matter and the positive forces of the electrons in antimatter occupy the same space. In effect like charges. In theory all the like charges will repel each other. The same The result would be a light speed scale in illation In other words a dangerous mix. To prevent this from happening the Enterprises engines were designed to control the antimatter matter mix matter using the forces to eliminate inertia from the Enterprise making it equally in a weightless state as stationary when engaged in warp drive. What's inertia?
Isaac Newton's laws of force and motion " Where there is a force ( an acceleration ) there is an equal and opposite force acting on it" sheds some light on why light light is finite even when there is no resistance to oppose it. It takes a second to travel just under three hundred thousand kilometers. In terms of kilometers per hour 0 to ten thousand and eighty million kilometers in a second acceleration. We don't have to be Einstein's to realize the significance of what lay people expresses as a G-force property. Mathematicians used to reason the consequence of assuming no resistance in space relative to zero meant light must be infinite. Physicists contributed most of this to being weightless. ( Having no mass ). Yet despite encountering no resistance a consensus believes it's as fast as it can go. It doesn't travel any faster than just under three hundred thousand kilometers per second.
Most of us are familiar with the term G-force, you know, the force that shoves people back into muscle car seats in high speed acceleration take off's. Albert Einstein realized a horizontal gravity in motion called gravitational equivalence. We can all feel the potential energy of the earth's mass pulling on a kilogram suspended over the ledge of the top floor of a tall sky scrapper pulling on it. If we let go, the earth's mass snatches it to a meter in a second and stops accelerating before it passes the first floor top floor, a meter in a second to be exact, free falling a meter per second constant velocity. In other words acceleration is terminated in a meter in a second.
If we drop a two kilogram block over the side it will accelerate twice the distance in the same second. If four kilos, twice the distance as two kilos in the same second. And eight? Twice that distance of four kilos in the same second. In other words they all accelerate different distances at the same amount of time. In other words acceleration is always the same. Terminal acceleration is the point of maximum momentum speed limit. They will not be able to travel any faster.
Mathematicians have equated the capital latter P as the symbol, the first letter of mass ( the unit kilogram ) and velocity. Four equation solutions tell us the maximum momentum speed limit ( P ) equals mass times velocity. The law of mathematics tells us equals velocity times mass, velocity equals momentum over mass and mass equals momentum over velocity. ( over is a math's term for divide ). P= mv. P=vm, v=P/m and m=P/v respectively.
Kilogram is the unit of force of the earth's pull. One kilogram is the force of nine point eight Newton's. Our free falling kilogram mass has the mass to over come the air resistance a feather has not the earth's mass can't accelerate any faster. If we do the math's in terms of kilometers per hour works out to be three point six kilometers per hour. In other words a three point six kilometer per hour kilogram of kinetic energy. It is the equivalent distance it would travel in the time of an hour long TV program. Despite a light breeze the kilogram tumbles down the side of the building bulldozing it's way though the air at the constant speed. Proof of kinetic energy when it finally collides with the immovable mass of the street bellow.
Meanwhile the breeze catches the father fluttering for kilometers gently settling somewhere because the mass is less than several milligrams. If there was a bag load equal to a kilogram the bag of feathers and the solid kilogram would collide with the street simultaneously. All body's have a maximum momentum speed limit, a reflection of Isaac Newtown's laws of force and motion laws called inertia, lay people understand better by the term "G's. ( G-force ).
Newton must have realized an inbuilt property body's have at resisting changes in acceleration. The harder a body is accelerated the more this force pulls it back. If Newtown was alive today he would agree a vehicle takes several seconds to change eighty kilometers per hour, ( fifty miles an hour hour if you like ) to a hundred and sixty. ( a hundred miles an hour ). The slow acceleration is because of the inertia of the vehicle resisting the change in velocity. Once maximum speed is reached the vehicle can never go ay faster no matter the peddle to the metal.
We don't have to be Einstein's to imagine the consequences stationary to ten thousand and eighty million kilometers per hour in a second what the G's must be like at that acceleration. We don't have to be geniuses to realize everything would be squash like a bug under many tones of G-force in that time. Sounds familiar to a current belief what happens inside back holes. We can almost see the significance behind Einstein's 1905 special theory of relativity prediction motion on a light speed scale shrink bodies in the direction of travel and distorts space and time.
Imagine what would happen if there was no terminal acceleration. ( or terminal velocity if you like ). Velocity is a term I personally avoid because it implies a fixed speed. Imagine the distance in time if light didn't stop accelerating. ( not infinite velocity but Infinite acceleration I call it ). Every thing must have a terminal acceleration point we can appreciate controlled by G's in this case ten thousand and eighty million kilometers per hour preventing light from going infinite and what keeps light stuck at it's constant velocity.
The Enterprise's engines are designed like nuclear power stations controlling nuclear meltdown controlling antimatter mix with matter using the repelling forces of the like charges occupying the same space to generate a equivalent a reversing G-force on the forward going acceleration on the reversing G's as the Enterprise shoots forward. In other words the CBS scientific advisers had proposed illuminating the reversing G's of the forward going motion of the Enterprise making it as weightless as if it was motionless when when it was accelerated to light a forward going speed scale.
It also helped to solve others problems.
The heat we feel on a bicycle pump pumping up a tire is not from friction you know. We are feeling the air pressure inside the pump. Traveling at light speed the G's can generate heat comparable to the surface of the sun. In other words on a light speed scale under money tones of G-force a body would be crushed and incinerated as if equal to the gravitational field on the surface of the sun the conditions that keeps it shinning. We'd think the G-forces on a light speed scale may be enough to trigger nuclear fission needed to create a star. In proposing illuminating inertia from the enterprises motion we only need to think of what Einstein said about the G's going infinite why we can't accede light speed. The consequences would be a equally infinite heat. Light traveling at a finite velocity means a finite amount of G's and heat that cannot cannot be any stronger.
Our free falling kilogram testifies it experiences the force of the earth's mass pulling it to the ground. Finally the G's is so great it can't be accelerated any father terminating the acceleration to a constant velocity. Any collisions during fall testifies to a kenotic energy stored in it. Einstein and Newton specially Einstein must have recognized the consequences of the inertia in his1905 special theory of relativity as a gravitational equivalence us lay understand better appreciate simply as G's in this case in the straight line motion of light. Boy racers testify to feeling a couple of kilograms weighing them down into their seats in high speed muscle car hi-jinks. They often skite their cars can pull a few G's. Our free falling kilogram was heavy with inertia ( or G-force ) on impact with the street. The weight of the inertia dissipated though the kilogram to rest mass in a second. Most boy racers are not prepared for unexpected out of control spins G for can produce. High speed hi-jinks can be very violent to control. It is easy to loose control. It is very tiring on race car drivers why running from the law will tire them out.
We feel the same G's in fast accelerating roller coaster rides. A few kilograms of weight pulls us back into our seats in powerful straight line acceleration take off's, down hill acceleration runs and when we hit those tight twist and turns with out slowing down. Hitting the turns the G's obeys Newtown law of straight line resisting states of change. A sudden high speed turn maneuver has it's consequences. We feel the G's trying to force our coaster to go straight ahead forced to take the curve at speed. Albert Einstein in his 1915 general theory of relativity contended the forces stars and planets distorts space replacing Newtown's gravity and distorting space and time in what is expressed as gravity waves.
If we weigh a kilogram on a scale on the moon mathematics predicts as the moon's mass is a sixth of earth will show about eight hundred and thirty three grams lighter weighing in at a total of a hundred and sixty six grams. In orbit round the earth or in deep space the scale would read nothing. A vacuum on the moon means no resistance to both the hundred and sixty grams and the almost weightless feather fall and hit the surface at the same time.
Mathematics tells us if light travels just under three hundred thousand kilometers per second in a vacuum limit tells us travels the fixed distance every second the distance light travels. It is the time we say one thousand and one, the time a second hand of analogue clock moves a division, the delay of time the second of a digital time pieces and we walk a meter.
Mathematics tells us the standard metric system tells us there is a thousand meters in a kilometer so there will be three million meters in three hundred thousand kilometers. If you like doing the math's the same proportion applies to miles and feet if you like. What I'm saying, by the time we walk just one meter light had traveled three million meters. Math's tells us the reciprocal ( one divide any number ) tells us light travels a kilometer in three hundred thousandth of of a second. The standard metric prefix milli for a millisecond tells us thirty milliseconds. It projects travels a meter in three hundred millionth second proving three hundred million meters in one second we walk a meter in the same time.
When Einstein was only sixteen a though crossed his mind "What would it be like to ride on a beam of light"? In other words he was asking what would it would be like to travel in parallel with light speed.?
Think of traveling on a state highway in parallel with surrounding traffic at the same speed. From our point of view inside our car the surrounding vehicles are stationary the scenery passing us front to back. From the road side point of view everything passes every stationary point at speed traveling the opposite direction we see from inside our car. Operating on the principle we can see the significance if we could view the universe from a light speed point of view.
Everybody agrees mass ( gravity ) plays a major roll in slowing time. We only need to reflect on the current belief of the center of black holes. According to current belief, time in outer of space earth is relatively faster than at sea level on earth because of the earth's mass even slower on the surface of Jupiter let a lone the sun. Time on the top floor of a sky scrapper is a few microseconds ( millionth second ) faster than street level. Albert Einstein must have seen the significance of motion producing G's slow time.
Some believed time would stop. CBS was advised by their scientific advisers with a plan that had become known in the Trekie world as warp drive in Star Wars called hyper drive. At the end of the credit themes at the beginning of every Star trek episode, including the Next Generation, and Voyager, the ships would stretch like a rubber band and snap forward disappearing into infinity. In the Star Wars movies audiences got a first hand panoramic front set view though Hans Solo's ship's Cockpit window. Also the British TV series Doctor who visual effects in the main theme. These were the visions of what it would be like at light speed.
The idea of the original Star Trek was to involve the engines carefully mixing antimatter with matter. what's antimatter?
Well.......about eighty years ago a theoretical proposal by an English Physicist Paul Diac matter has an opposite mirror image of itself. Image editor programs make this clear enough using the negative tool on any photo. You can switch from normal to the negative view and back. Normal views is a good analogy of matter and the negative view antimatter.
The idea came to Diac from the crowing study of the particle physics of the atom called Quantum physics. The atom was seen as a cloud of particles racing round round a central particles on a light speed scale. These are called electrons seen as having a negative electrical charge and a core particle ( Nucleus ) called a proton a positive charge. Daic proposed what if it was possible positively charged electrons and negatively charged protons exiting.
In the law of physics opposite charges react to each other. We can see this in action with magnets. We all find out about magnetism playing round with magnets discovering not only do they stick to one another but equally push each other away with some considerable equal force. A bar magnet free to swing in a sling acts as a campus. Allowed to swing freely will align themselves across the earth's north and south poles. One end "pushes" away from the north pole while the other end is "pulled" to the south pole in equal strengths lining up in that direction. Thus North and south seeking poles exist in all magnetic fields from horseshoe to spheres.
Operating on the same principle the possessiveness of the protons are repelled by the positive charge of the neighboring protons and electrons are equally repelled by the negative charge of neighboring electrons. In other words like charges occupying the same space repel each other. However the two opposite charges are attracted to each other. In the nineteen twenties lead by Niels Borhr there was a great deal of debate about why the electrons are not attracted collapsing into the positive charge of the nucleus. A classical physics view point tells us the collapse is prevented by the theory of light speed scale momentum forces generated on the electrons racing round it preventing them from flying away. The two opposing forces are well balanced holding the atom from crushing into the nucleus and from exploding apart. In
In Borhr contended electrons jump from orbit to orbit. Because their is a closest orbit there is no orbit to jump into. Thus cannot jump into the nucleus. What ever the case maybe the current theories how matter is held together.
Exactly the same processes holds antimatter together. The theory is if antimatter and mater is mixed the repelling forces of the positive protons in matter and the positive forces of the electrons in antimatter occupy the same space. In effect like charges. In theory all the like charges will repel each other. The same The result would be a light speed scale in illation In other words a dangerous mix. To prevent this from happening the Enterprises engines were designed to control the antimatter matter mix matter using the forces to eliminate inertia from the Enterprise making it equally in a weightless state as stationary when engaged in warp drive. What's inertia?
Isaac Newton's laws of force and motion " Where there is a force ( an acceleration ) there is an equal and opposite force acting on it" sheds some light on why light light is finite even when there is no resistance to oppose it. It takes a second to travel just under three hundred thousand kilometers. In terms of kilometers per hour 0 to ten thousand and eighty million kilometers in a second acceleration. We don't have to be Einstein's to realize the significance of what lay people expresses as a G-force property. Mathematicians used to reason the consequence of assuming no resistance in space relative to zero meant light must be infinite. Physicists contributed most of this to being weightless. ( Having no mass ). Yet despite encountering no resistance a consensus believes it's as fast as it can go. It doesn't travel any faster than just under three hundred thousand kilometers per second.
Most of us are familiar with the term G-force, you know, the force that shoves people back into muscle car seats in high speed acceleration take off's. Albert Einstein realized a horizontal gravity in motion called gravitational equivalence. We can all feel the potential energy of the earth's mass pulling on a kilogram suspended over the ledge of the top floor of a tall sky scrapper pulling on it. If we let go, the earth's mass snatches it to a meter in a second and stops accelerating before it passes the first floor top floor, a meter in a second to be exact, free falling a meter per second constant velocity. In other words acceleration is terminated in a meter in a second.
If we drop a two kilogram block over the side it will accelerate twice the distance in the same second. If four kilos, twice the distance as two kilos in the same second. And eight? Twice that distance of four kilos in the same second. In other words they all accelerate different distances at the same amount of time. In other words acceleration is always the same. Terminal acceleration is the point of maximum momentum speed limit. They will not be able to travel any faster.
Mathematicians have equated the capital latter P as the symbol, the first letter of mass ( the unit kilogram ) and velocity. Four equation solutions tell us the maximum momentum speed limit ( P ) equals mass times velocity. The law of mathematics tells us equals velocity times mass, velocity equals momentum over mass and mass equals momentum over velocity. ( over is a math's term for divide ). P= mv. P=vm, v=P/m and m=P/v respectively.
Kilogram is the unit of force of the earth's pull. One kilogram is the force of nine point eight Newton's. Our free falling kilogram mass has the mass to over come the air resistance a feather has not the earth's mass can't accelerate any faster. If we do the math's in terms of kilometers per hour works out to be three point six kilometers per hour. In other words a three point six kilometer per hour kilogram of kinetic energy. It is the equivalent distance it would travel in the time of an hour long TV program. Despite a light breeze the kilogram tumbles down the side of the building bulldozing it's way though the air at the constant speed. Proof of kinetic energy when it finally collides with the immovable mass of the street bellow.
Meanwhile the breeze catches the father fluttering for kilometers gently settling somewhere because the mass is less than several milligrams. If there was a bag load equal to a kilogram the bag of feathers and the solid kilogram would collide with the street simultaneously. All body's have a maximum momentum speed limit, a reflection of Isaac Newtown's laws of force and motion laws called inertia, lay people understand better by the term "G's. ( G-force ).
Newton must have realized an inbuilt property body's have at resisting changes in acceleration. The harder a body is accelerated the more this force pulls it back. If Newtown was alive today he would agree a vehicle takes several seconds to change eighty kilometers per hour, ( fifty miles an hour hour if you like ) to a hundred and sixty. ( a hundred miles an hour ). The slow acceleration is because of the inertia of the vehicle resisting the change in velocity. Once maximum speed is reached the vehicle can never go ay faster no matter the peddle to the metal.
We don't have to be Einstein's to imagine the consequences stationary to ten thousand and eighty million kilometers per hour in a second what the G's must be like at that acceleration. We don't have to be geniuses to realize everything would be squash like a bug under many tones of G-force in that time. Sounds familiar to a current belief what happens inside back holes. We can almost see the significance behind Einstein's 1905 special theory of relativity prediction motion on a light speed scale shrink bodies in the direction of travel and distorts space and time.
Imagine what would happen if there was no terminal acceleration. ( or terminal velocity if you like ). Velocity is a term I personally avoid because it implies a fixed speed. Imagine the distance in time if light didn't stop accelerating. ( not infinite velocity but Infinite acceleration I call it ). Every thing must have a terminal acceleration point we can appreciate controlled by G's in this case ten thousand and eighty million kilometers per hour preventing light from going infinite and what keeps light stuck at it's constant velocity.
The Enterprise's engines are designed like nuclear power stations controlling nuclear meltdown controlling antimatter mix with matter using the repelling forces of the like charges occupying the same space to generate a equivalent a reversing G-force on the forward going acceleration on the reversing G's as the Enterprise shoots forward. In other words the CBS scientific advisers had proposed illuminating the reversing G's of the forward going motion of the Enterprise making it as weightless as if it was motionless when when it was accelerated to light a forward going speed scale.
It also helped to solve others problems.
The heat we feel on a bicycle pump pumping up a tire is not from friction you know. We are feeling the air pressure inside the pump. Traveling at light speed the G's can generate heat comparable to the surface of the sun. In other words on a light speed scale under money tones of G-force a body would be crushed and incinerated as if equal to the gravitational field on the surface of the sun the conditions that keeps it shinning. We'd think the G-forces on a light speed scale may be enough to trigger nuclear fission needed to create a star. In proposing illuminating inertia from the enterprises motion we only need to think of what Einstein said about the G's going infinite why we can't accede light speed. The consequences would be a equally infinite heat. Light traveling at a finite velocity means a finite amount of G's and heat that cannot cannot be any stronger.
Our free falling kilogram testifies it experiences the force of the earth's mass pulling it to the ground. Finally the G's is so great it can't be accelerated any father terminating the acceleration to a constant velocity. Any collisions during fall testifies to a kenotic energy stored in it. Einstein and Newton specially Einstein must have recognized the consequences of the inertia in his1905 special theory of relativity as a gravitational equivalence us lay understand better appreciate simply as G's in this case in the straight line motion of light. Boy racers testify to feeling a couple of kilograms weighing them down into their seats in high speed muscle car hi-jinks. They often skite their cars can pull a few G's. Our free falling kilogram was heavy with inertia ( or G-force ) on impact with the street. The weight of the inertia dissipated though the kilogram to rest mass in a second. Most boy racers are not prepared for unexpected out of control spins G for can produce. High speed hi-jinks can be very violent to control. It is easy to loose control. It is very tiring on race car drivers why running from the law will tire them out.
We feel the same G's in fast accelerating roller coaster rides. A few kilograms of weight pulls us back into our seats in powerful straight line acceleration take off's, down hill acceleration runs and when we hit those tight twist and turns with out slowing down. Hitting the turns the G's obeys Newtown law of straight line resisting states of change. A sudden high speed turn maneuver has it's consequences. We feel the G's trying to force our coaster to go straight ahead forced to take the curve at speed. Albert Einstein in his 1915 general theory of relativity contended the forces stars and planets distorts space replacing Newtown's gravity and distorting space and time in what is expressed as gravity waves.
If we weigh a kilogram on a scale on the moon mathematics predicts as the moon's mass is a sixth of earth will show about eight hundred and thirty three grams lighter weighing in at a total of a hundred and sixty six grams. In orbit round the earth or in deep space the scale would read nothing. A vacuum on the moon means no resistance to both the hundred and sixty grams and the almost weightless feather fall and hit the surface at the same time.
Mathematics tells us if light travels just under three hundred thousand kilometers per second in a vacuum limit tells us travels the fixed distance every second the distance light travels. It is the time we say one thousand and one, the time a second hand of analogue clock moves a division, the delay of time the second of a digital time pieces and we walk a meter.
Mathematics tells us the standard metric system tells us there is a thousand meters in a kilometer so there will be three million meters in three hundred thousand kilometers. If you like doing the math's the same proportion applies to miles and feet if you like. What I'm saying, by the time we walk just one meter light had traveled three million meters. Math's tells us the reciprocal ( one divide any number ) tells us light travels a kilometer in three hundred thousandth of of a second. The standard metric prefix milli for a millisecond tells us thirty milliseconds. It projects travels a meter in three hundred millionth second proving three hundred million meters in one second we walk a meter in the same time.
When Einstein was only sixteen a though crossed his mind "What would it be like to ride on a beam of light"? In other words he was asking what would it would be like to travel in parallel with light speed.?
Think of traveling on a state highway in parallel with surrounding traffic at the same speed. From our point of view inside our car the surrounding vehicles are stationary the scenery passing us front to back. From the road side point of view everything passes every stationary point at speed traveling the opposite direction we see from inside our car. Operating on the principle we can see the significance if we could view the universe from a light speed point of view.
Everybody agrees mass ( gravity ) plays a major roll in slowing time. We only need to reflect on the current belief of the center of black holes. According to current belief, time in outer of space earth is relatively faster than at sea level on earth because of the earth's mass even slower on the surface of Jupiter let a lone the sun. Time on the top floor of a sky scrapper is a few microseconds ( millionth second ) faster than street level. Albert Einstein must have seen the significance of motion producing G's slow time.
Thursday, March 6, 2014
Geting small engines running smoothly again. Bolt on units. Mottor scooters. Gokarts. Marine outbouards.
The first thing we all tend to is check the spark of the spark plug. I guess that's as good a any place to start. Before you start safety first. Don't take any risks. Clear away all flammable material well out of the way. Check there is no leaking fuel dripping over the engine.
Once the plug is removed examine the tip. The electrode tell us a lot. They can be bone dry indicating fuel starvation , bone dry and sooty a sign of a far to rich fuel or wet and oily a sign of excessive crank case oil. With experience you'll learn to recognize those signs to a normal condition.
Reconnect the high tension cap shorting the plug electrode onto any part of the metal. The cylinder head fins are typical electrical.
Crank over the engine.
If no spark test a couple of known good spares to illuminates a faulty plug.
If there is still no spark or not happy with a week and spindly looking one check electrical terminals are not on there way out. Check the cap inside and out connections. Check wiring and electrical plug in connectors. Broken contacts rotting and cracked insulation can leak some electrical current away from the plug to earth likely the cause of the week looking spark. Shrivelled up and old looking insulation can do it. If by any chance previously worked on check fibre, rubber and plastic washers that should not have been there causing improper insulation. Check for improper electrical contacts that should not be there too. Check loose terminal and frayed wires. Overall if brand new looking wiring is anything to go by, is a good yard stick to the condition of what good wiring should be. A good tidy up won't do any harm.
If there is a strong spark the next step is to check fuel. Load some fuel into a empty oil can and squirt a generous amount into the spark plug hole. Keep vagrant with potential inflammable liquids well away from your work area. Replace the plug and cap and start the engine.
The engine should attempt to run. Any problems it shouldn't run properly petering out to a stop in a few seconds. There is a good chance if you have a four stroke engine there is some mechanical problems with valves not working properly. Spiting back as if electrical misfire is a sign of a inlet value burnt out. Burnt out exhaust values can do it. Don't take that for granted just yet though at lest until you complete the fuel tests to be sure it's only fuel problems.
The next step is to recheck the condition of the plug again. Remove it. if it's bone dry tells you to investigate a fuel line problem. Safety first disconnect the plug from the cap and make sure the fuel tap is turn off. Don't take any risks with the spark plug cap dangling anywhere near the fuel line parts.
Disconnect the fuel line and turn on the tap and observe if fuel pours out. If it doesn't don't take any risks immediately close. If a traditional carburetor there is a good chance it is just the float needle valve reassembled upside down from previous work on it chocking off the fuel supply.
Again safety first by keeping the fuel cock is turned off. If the engine design allow it remove the bottom of the float bowel. When you turn on the fuel cock fuel will attempt to pure out of the float needle hole. Don't take any risks immediately shutting off the fuel tap again.
Testing and finding out which way it goes back replace the float needle holding up with a finger and turn on the tap. Very gently let it drop a bit. If it doesn't leek fuel repeat the experiment the float needle the opposite way. It should leek fuel. Observing the contours of the needle helps determine which way it goes back in.
Monday, March 3, 2014
A simple xhtml stylesheet template
Below is a basic skeleton of html 4's xhtml's Cascading Style Sheet ( CSS ). It consists of html, head style type, a p ( paragraph ) beside a couple of paralyses, body and the p between inward pointing brackets. It is quick and simple template anybody can mark up in a note pad in less than a few minutes.
< head>
< style type="text/css">
p { }
< /style>
< body>
< p>Paragraph displayed
< /body>
< /html>
Note the right leaning slashes. An important rule tells us anything typed inside any of the outward pointing brackets and the paralyses are not displayed. The only things that are, outside and between the inward pointing brackets as shown by the paragraph tags in the body section. The template begins with an html declaration begins body, begins style type, ends style, begins body, begins paragraph ends paragraph, ends body and ends html and so on.
The style type is a declaration of an embedded style sheet. With out it browsers ignore all formatting. An option the old style html 4 in line style using CSS formatting inside the paragraph brackets on the right of the letter called in line. Another option is a link to a separate a note pad where the same formatting format formats dozens pages all the same time called external style sheets. In the eternal type embedded declaration is replaced with a link declaration like this The name of the note pad is named Styleheet.CSS.txt.
Formatting and layout is inserted between the paralyses ( { } ) in the head section and the display element inserted between outward pointing brackets inserted bellow body in the body section. If formatting and layout doesn't work properly examining your code you will find layout attributes brackets typed in wrong places, a right or left pointing bracket or a couple of slashes where they should not be. So long as the slashes are all in the right places and nothing between the inward pointing brackets other than the paragraph brackets displays no messy layout.
The paralyses formats the displayed element in the body. These can be done separately at anytime. Following the rule of thumb about avoiding the slashes in the wrong places and outside the brackets or between the inward pointers we can type text between the inward pointing brackets of the paragraph elements. Note if formatting doesn't work properly the paralyses have probably been confused because they look the same as the braces ( ) during typing. If formatting doesn't work properly check they are the proper paralyses.
The best part about our operating system's both old and latest is their cut, copy and past system's cutting time typing html scripts. We can learn how to write any scripted by creating a folder saved anywhere we like in our file collection named HTML templates. We can create another folder inside it named CSS. The operating system note pad can be saved in the CSS folder named template. Turning your attention to the basic skeleton we can past a copy to the clipboard and past into the open note pad and save.We can create a copy by copying the same note pad into the same folder. Operating system's rename copy off the same name. The copy can be converted to a web page just by renaming the note pad copy file extension to html. We could rename the web page copy. The create thing about our operating systems we can past as many copies we like even in the same folder. When you open the web page only anything typed between the left pointing brackets will be displayed. If you manually typed and shows a messy display is a sign you typed the right leaning slashes in wrong places and the text inside the wrong pointing brackets. Examine the html you will find places where where should not have been or if missing where it should have been in the scripted.
Your operating system allows you to edit the page. If open, close and right click the icon. When the properties dialogue box displays click view source and start correcting any mistakes or developed the page layout inside the inward pointing brackets. If your operating system doesn't allow you to, in the dialogue box click open open with. If an option tick box displays click out the tick will turn on the right fly out menu where you will have options to open the file with you can develop the page. Clicking note pad the web page file will open in the note pad where you can carry out editing or correcting typos, changes and developing the page. When you save will revert back to the web page icon. When you open the file you will observe the changes.
The font family was designed for web masters to cover their bases with different letter styling browsers find in visitors computer font files. If one style is not available the browser can use the nearest a option. The Font names are typed in following the colon and semicolon rule
Pt is point the number between colon and letters
Font weight is bold, italic underline ect
CSS recognize the names of colors
px is the pixel elements that make up computer monitor screens. In the case of text display the space between words is one pixel.
:font-family;
:font-size: pt;
:font-weight;
:font-color
:text-align;
:background-color;
:word-spacing: px;
:letter-spacing: px;
:line-height: px
:padding: px
:padding-top: px
:padding-bottom: px
:padding-left: px
:padding-right: px
:margin: px
:margin-top: px
:margin-bottom: px
:margin-left: px
:margin-right: px
:border-width: px'
:border-height: px
:border-color
:border-style:
Here is a example of a set up. You can modify with your own colors, sizes, and font styles by deleting and inserting your own. The same with the headings and paragraphs.
< head>
< style type="text/css">
h1 { color:black;font:21pt arial black;text-align:center;letter-spacing:25px }
H2 { color:black;font:18pt arial black;text-align:center }
h3 { margin-left:50px }
p { color:black;font:12pt arial;margin-left:75px;margin-right:75px }
< /style>
< /head>
< body>
< h1>Title banner
< h2>heading
< h3>Sub heading
< p>First paragraph
< p>second paragraph
< p>third paragraph
< p>fourth paragraph
< p>fifth paragraph
< p>sixth paragraph
< h3>Sub heading
< p>First paragraph
< p>second paragraph
< p>third paragraph
< p>fourth paragraph
< p>fifth paragraph
< p>sixth paragraph
< /body>
< /html>
< head>
< style type="text/css">
p { }
< /style>
< body>
< p>Paragraph displayed
< /body>
< /html>
Note the right leaning slashes. An important rule tells us anything typed inside any of the outward pointing brackets and the paralyses are not displayed. The only things that are, outside and between the inward pointing brackets as shown by the paragraph tags in the body section. The template begins with an html declaration begins body, begins style type, ends style, begins body, begins paragraph ends paragraph, ends body and ends html and so on.
The style type is a declaration of an embedded style sheet. With out it browsers ignore all formatting. An option the old style html 4 in line style using CSS formatting inside the paragraph brackets on the right of the letter called in line. Another option is a link to a separate a note pad where the same formatting format formats dozens pages all the same time called external style sheets. In the eternal type embedded declaration is replaced with a link declaration like this The name of the note pad is named Styleheet.CSS.txt.
Formatting and layout is inserted between the paralyses ( { } ) in the head section and the display element inserted between outward pointing brackets inserted bellow body in the body section. If formatting and layout doesn't work properly examining your code you will find layout attributes brackets typed in wrong places, a right or left pointing bracket or a couple of slashes where they should not be. So long as the slashes are all in the right places and nothing between the inward pointing brackets other than the paragraph brackets displays no messy layout.
The paralyses formats the displayed element in the body. These can be done separately at anytime. Following the rule of thumb about avoiding the slashes in the wrong places and outside the brackets or between the inward pointers we can type text between the inward pointing brackets of the paragraph elements. Note if formatting doesn't work properly the paralyses have probably been confused because they look the same as the braces ( ) during typing. If formatting doesn't work properly check they are the proper paralyses.
The best part about our operating system's both old and latest is their cut, copy and past system's cutting time typing html scripts. We can learn how to write any scripted by creating a folder saved anywhere we like in our file collection named HTML templates. We can create another folder inside it named CSS. The operating system note pad can be saved in the CSS folder named template. Turning your attention to the basic skeleton we can past a copy to the clipboard and past into the open note pad and save.We can create a copy by copying the same note pad into the same folder. Operating system's rename copy off the same name. The copy can be converted to a web page just by renaming the note pad copy file extension to html. We could rename the web page copy. The create thing about our operating systems we can past as many copies we like even in the same folder. When you open the web page only anything typed between the left pointing brackets will be displayed. If you manually typed and shows a messy display is a sign you typed the right leaning slashes in wrong places and the text inside the wrong pointing brackets. Examine the html you will find places where where should not have been or if missing where it should have been in the scripted.
Your operating system allows you to edit the page. If open, close and right click the icon. When the properties dialogue box displays click view source and start correcting any mistakes or developed the page layout inside the inward pointing brackets. If your operating system doesn't allow you to, in the dialogue box click open open with. If an option tick box displays click out the tick will turn on the right fly out menu where you will have options to open the file with you can develop the page. Clicking note pad the web page file will open in the note pad where you can carry out editing or correcting typos, changes and developing the page. When you save will revert back to the web page icon. When you open the file you will observe the changes.
The formatting attributes.
Notice the dash, semicolon and colon positions. There is a alternating colon ( : ) and semicolon ( ; ) paten always in relation with the dash. These elements are typed in line between the paralyses separated by each alternating colon or semicolon paten. If formatting doesn't work properly check the paralyses rulesThe font family was designed for web masters to cover their bases with different letter styling browsers find in visitors computer font files. If one style is not available the browser can use the nearest a option. The Font names are typed in following the colon and semicolon rule
Pt is point the number between colon and letters
Font weight is bold, italic underline ect
CSS recognize the names of colors
px is the pixel elements that make up computer monitor screens. In the case of text display the space between words is one pixel.
:font-family;
:font-size: pt;
:font-weight;
:font-color
:text-align;
:background-color;
:word-spacing: px;
:letter-spacing: px;
:line-height: px
The layout attributes
HTML 5's new page layout elements includes a navigation attribute ( nav ) top menu bar option. The header attribute is the displayed banner artwork bar. Aside is the left or right link navigation boxes. The section is the main box, the footer attribute bar is used as foot notes and other miscellaneous and article if for any syndication information option These attributes go in the head section.:padding: px
:padding-top: px
:padding-bottom: px
:padding-left: px
:padding-right: px
:margin: px
:margin-top: px
:margin-bottom: px
:margin-left: px
:margin-right: px
:border-width: px'
:border-height: px
:border-color
:border-style:
Here is a example of a set up. You can modify with your own colors, sizes, and font styles by deleting and inserting your own. The same with the headings and paragraphs.
< head>
< style type="text/css">
h1 { color:black;font:21pt arial black;text-align:center;letter-spacing:25px }
H2 { color:black;font:18pt arial black;text-align:center }
h3 { margin-left:50px }
p { color:black;font:12pt arial;margin-left:75px;margin-right:75px }
< /style>
< /head>
< body>
< h1>Title banner
< h2>heading
< h3>Sub heading
< p>First paragraph
< p>second paragraph
< p>third paragraph
< p>fourth paragraph
< p>fifth paragraph
< p>sixth paragraph
< h3>Sub heading
< p>First paragraph
< p>second paragraph
< p>third paragraph
< p>fourth paragraph
< p>fifth paragraph
< p>sixth paragraph
< /body>
< /html>
Saturday, February 15, 2014
Simplifying html tables
Just bellow is a sample of a basic skeleton of one of the oldest
html script in html. It consists of the html, html, head, body, paragraph, table, table row and table data
with paragraphs. No right leaning slashes told the old browsers to begin a new element and the slashes told then the end the elements.
Make sure you understand today's browser support issues if you have any problems.
The best part about operating system's both old and latest is their cut, copy and past system's cutting time in typing tables. We can a paste a folder naming template html templates saved anywhere we liked in our your file collection. Turning your attention to the basic skeleton we can past it into our basic note pad. We can save the note pad in the folder naming the file Master table sample. We can past a copy of the same file in the same folder. Operating system's rename copy off the same name. This copy is converted to a web page just by renaming the note pad file extension to html. We could rename the web page copy. The great thing about our operating systems we can past as many copies we like even in the same folder. When you open the web page you will see the contents of the table data displayed on screen in technical expressed as a cell. If you manually typed and shows a messy display is a sign you typed the right leaning slashes in wrong places and the text inside the wrong pointing brackets.
Your operating system allows you to edit the page. If open, close and right click the icon. When the properties dialogue box displays click view source and start correcting any mistakes or developed the page layout inside the table data contents. If your operating system doesn't allow you to, in the dialoguer box click open open with. If an option tick box displays click out the tick will turn on the right fly out menu where you will have options to open the file with you can develop the page. Clicking note pad the web page file will open in the note pad where you can carry out editing or correcting typos, changes and developing the page. When you save will revert back to the web page icon. When you open the file you will observe the changes.
When you open the web page you will note your operating system's browser filled in width and height details in the table and table data. It is an ideal model learning how the width and height elements work in html. It is handy in letting the browser fill in the details for you. In this way you don't have to worry so much about the width and height of the cells. If you change them the browser will only redo them according to fit to size math's every time you save.
Deleting the text inside the paragraph brackets you can type in your own paragraph. You can create as may as you like by creating multiple empty duplets of or create a new paragraph as you type. With the start and end elements start new paragraph end paragraph
This paragraph is outside the table cell
As you type in the basic skeleton when you view the web page source showed as you typed in note pad expanded a left to right expansion of the cell determining the width of the whole table. There is no word wrap until a new paragraph. The length of the longest paragraph determines the total width. The number of paragraphs expands downwards determining the height.
Using the typical html element formatting, color, text, heading, bold, underline, strike though, text color, images left and right positioning are type inside the outward pointing tags a space the left of the two letters in the table data.
A simple modification of the basic skeleton creates a page of a open book. A duplicate of only the table data is copied in place. Displayed on screen will display right to left cells. A third copy the center table data with out paragraph tags provides a gap between them. Inserting a image attribute inside the outward pointing brackets on the right of the table data letters simulates a open book spine can add a finishing touch.
Web masters use blank table data's ( or empty cells ) to create margin effects using column and row span elements in this next template. Make a master sample in another note pad naming it and saving in the same folder. Delete the contents in each table data ( or cell ) of your copy leaving them blank and type in your own contents in the page layout inside the table data. The same rules apply in formatting the table.
This paragraph is outside the table cell
Here is another handy template that expends the layout the margins, a header, for titles and headings, footers used as footnotes, and a right and left navigation panes for links.
This paragraph is outside the table cell
The width, height and and rowspan elements are not displayed on screen because they are inside the outward pointing brackets. Formatting with color and images are the browsers layout instructions using the typical html formatting elements inside the outward pointing tags in the table data elements.
The best part about operating system's both old and latest is their cut, copy and past system's cutting time in typing tables. We can a paste a folder naming template html templates saved anywhere we liked in our your file collection. Turning your attention to the basic skeleton we can past it into our basic note pad. We can save the note pad in the folder naming the file Master table sample. We can past a copy of the same file in the same folder. Operating system's rename copy off the same name. This copy is converted to a web page just by renaming the note pad file extension to html. We could rename the web page copy. The great thing about our operating systems we can past as many copies we like even in the same folder. When you open the web page you will see the contents of the table data displayed on screen in technical expressed as a cell. If you manually typed and shows a messy display is a sign you typed the right leaning slashes in wrong places and the text inside the wrong pointing brackets.
Your operating system allows you to edit the page. If open, close and right click the icon. When the properties dialogue box displays click view source and start correcting any mistakes or developed the page layout inside the table data contents. If your operating system doesn't allow you to, in the dialoguer box click open open with. If an option tick box displays click out the tick will turn on the right fly out menu where you will have options to open the file with you can develop the page. Clicking note pad the web page file will open in the note pad where you can carry out editing or correcting typos, changes and developing the page. When you save will revert back to the web page icon. When you open the file you will observe the changes.
When you open the web page you will note your operating system's browser filled in width and height details in the table and table data. It is an ideal model learning how the width and height elements work in html. It is handy in letting the browser fill in the details for you. In this way you don't have to worry so much about the width and height of the cells. If you change them the browser will only redo them according to fit to size math's every time you save.
Deleting the text inside the paragraph brackets you can type in your own paragraph. You can create as may as you like by creating multiple empty duplets of or create a new paragraph as you type. With the start and end elements start new paragraph end paragraph
This paragraph is outside the table cell
| his paragraph is inside the table cell |
As you type in the basic skeleton when you view the web page source showed as you typed in note pad expanded a left to right expansion of the cell determining the width of the whole table. There is no word wrap until a new paragraph. The length of the longest paragraph determines the total width. The number of paragraphs expands downwards determining the height.
Using the typical html element formatting, color, text, heading, bold, underline, strike though, text color, images left and right positioning are type inside the outward pointing tags a space the left of the two letters in the table data.
A simple modification of the basic skeleton creates a page of a open book. A duplicate of only the table data is copied in place. Displayed on screen will display right to left cells. A third copy the center table data with out paragraph tags provides a gap between them. Inserting a image attribute inside the outward pointing brackets on the right of the table data letters simulates a open book spine can add a finishing touch.
Web masters use blank table data's ( or empty cells ) to create margin effects using column and row span elements in this next template. Make a master sample in another note pad naming it and saving in the same folder. Delete the contents in each table data ( or cell ) of your copy leaving them blank and type in your own contents in the page layout inside the table data. The same rules apply in formatting the table.
This paragraph is outside the table cell
| left margin | top margin | right margin |
| Page layout | ||
| bottom margin |
Here is another handy template that expends the layout the margins, a header, for titles and headings, footers used as footnotes, and a right and left navigation panes for links.
This paragraph is outside the table cell
| left margin | top margin | right margin | |||
bottom margon |
The width, height and and rowspan elements are not displayed on screen because they are inside the outward pointing brackets. Formatting with color and images are the browsers layout instructions using the typical html formatting elements inside the outward pointing tags in the table data elements.
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