Light speed

Fifty years ago CBS studios producing the original science fiction TV series Stare Trek wanted it creditable for a Star Ship to exceed the speed of light. Unfortunately it was common knowledge we can't or at lest Albert Einstein's theory of relativity plays a key roll telling us the physics says it can't be done.
Some believed time would stop. CBS was advised by their scientific advisers with a plan that had become known in the Trekie world as warp drive in Star Wars called hyper drive. At the end of the credit themes at the beginning of every Star trek episode, including the Next Generation, and Voyager, the ships would stretch like a rubber band and snap forward disappearing into infinity. In the Star Wars movies audiences got a first hand panoramic front set view though Hans Solo's ship's Cockpit window. Also the British TV series Doctor who visual effects in the main theme. These were the visions of what it would be like at light speed.
The idea of the original Star Trek was to involve the engines carefully mixing antimatter with matter. what's antimatter?
Well.......about eighty years ago a theoretical proposal by an English Physicist Paul Diac matter has an opposite mirror image of itself. Image editor programs make this clear enough using the negative tool on any photo. You can switch from normal to the negative view and back. Normal views is a good analogy of matter and the negative view antimatter.
The idea came to Diac from the crowing study of the particle physics of the atom called Quantum physics. The atom was seen as a cloud of particles racing round round a central particles on a light speed scale. These are called electrons seen as having a negative electrical charge and a core particle ( Nucleus ) called a proton a positive charge. Daic proposed what if it was possible positively charged electrons and negatively charged protons exiting.
In the law of physics opposite charges react to each other. We can see this in action with magnets. We all find out about magnetism playing round with magnets discovering not only do they stick to one another but equally push each other away with some considerable equal force. A bar magnet free to swing in a sling acts as a campus.  Allowed to swing freely will align themselves across the earth's north and south poles. One end "pushes" away from the north pole while the other end is "pulled" to the south pole in equal strengths lining up in that direction. Thus North and south seeking poles exist in all magnetic fields from horseshoe to spheres.
Operating on the same principle the possessiveness of the protons are repelled by the  positive charge of the neighboring protons and electrons are equally repelled by the negative charge of neighboring electrons. In other words like charges occupying the same space repel each other. However the two opposite charges are attracted to each other. In the nineteen twenties lead by Niels Borhr there was a great deal of debate about why the electrons are not attracted collapsing into the positive charge of the nucleus. A classical physics view point tells us the collapse is prevented by the theory of light speed scale momentum forces generated on the electrons racing round it preventing them from flying away. The two opposing forces are well balanced holding the atom from crushing into the nucleus and from exploding apart. In
In Borhr contended electrons jump from orbit to orbit. Because their is a closest orbit there is no orbit to jump into. Thus cannot jump into the nucleus. What ever the case maybe the current theories how matter is held together.
Exactly the same processes holds antimatter together. The theory is if antimatter and mater is mixed the repelling forces of the positive protons in matter and the positive forces of the electrons in antimatter occupy the same space. In effect like charges. In theory all the like charges will repel each other. The same The result would be a light speed scale in illation In other words a dangerous mix. To prevent this from  happening the Enterprises engines were designed to control the antimatter matter mix matter using the forces to  eliminate inertia from the Enterprise making it equally in a weightless state as stationary when engaged in warp drive. What's inertia?
Isaac Newton's laws of force and motion " Where there is a force ( an acceleration ) there is an equal and opposite force acting on it"  sheds some light on why light light is finite even when there is no resistance to oppose it. It  takes a second to travel just under three hundred thousand kilometers. In terms of kilometers per hour  0 to ten thousand and eighty million kilometers in a second acceleration. We don't have to be Einstein's to realize the significance of what lay people expresses as a G-force property. Mathematicians used to reason the consequence of assuming no resistance in space relative to zero meant light must be infinite. Physicists contributed most of this to being weightless. ( Having no mass ). Yet despite encountering no resistance a consensus believes it's as fast as it can go. It doesn't travel any faster than just under three hundred thousand kilometers per second.
Most of us are familiar with the term G-force, you know, the force that shoves people back into muscle car seats in high speed acceleration take off's. Albert Einstein realized a horizontal gravity in motion called gravitational equivalence. We can all feel the potential energy of the earth's mass pulling on a kilogram suspended over the ledge of the top floor of a tall sky scrapper pulling on it. If we let go, the earth's mass snatches it to a meter in a second and stops accelerating before it passes the first floor top floor, a meter in a second to be exact, free falling a meter per second constant velocity. In other words acceleration is terminated in a meter in a second.
If we drop a two kilogram block over the side it will accelerate twice the distance in the same second. If four kilos, twice the distance as two kilos in the same second. And eight? Twice that distance of four kilos in the same second. In other words they all accelerate different distances at the same amount of time. In other words acceleration is always the same. Terminal acceleration is the point of maximum momentum speed limit. They will not be able to travel any faster.
Mathematicians have equated the capital latter P as the symbol, the first letter of mass ( the unit kilogram ) and velocity. Four equation solutions tell us the  maximum momentum speed limit ( P ) equals mass  times velocity. The law of mathematics tells us equals velocity  times mass, velocity equals momentum over  mass and mass equals momentum over velocity. ( over is a math's term for divide ). P= mv.   P=vm,   v=P/m   and   m=P/v   respectively.
Kilogram is the unit of force of the earth's pull. One kilogram is the force of nine point eight Newton's. Our free falling kilogram mass has the mass to over come the air resistance a feather has not the earth's mass can't accelerate any faster. If we do the math's in terms of kilometers per hour works out to be three point six kilometers per hour. In other words a three point six kilometer per hour kilogram of kinetic energy.  It is the equivalent distance it would travel in the time of an hour long TV program. Despite a light breeze the kilogram tumbles down the side of the building bulldozing it's way though the air at the constant speed. Proof of kinetic energy when it finally collides with the immovable mass of the street bellow.
Meanwhile the breeze catches the father fluttering for kilometers gently settling somewhere because the mass is less than several milligrams. If there was a bag load equal to a kilogram the bag of feathers and the solid kilogram would collide with the street simultaneously. All body's have a maximum momentum speed limit, a reflection of Isaac Newtown's laws of force and motion laws called inertia, lay people understand better by the term "G's. ( G-force ).
Newton must have realized an inbuilt property body's have at resisting changes in acceleration. The harder a body is accelerated the more this force pulls it back. If Newtown was alive today he would agree a vehicle takes several seconds to change eighty kilometers per hour, ( fifty miles an hour hour if you like ) to a hundred and sixty. ( a hundred miles an hour ). The slow acceleration is because of the inertia of the vehicle resisting the change in velocity. Once maximum speed is reached the vehicle can never go ay faster no matter the peddle to the metal.
We don't have to be Einstein's to imagine the consequences stationary to ten thousand and eighty million kilometers per hour in a second what the G's must be like at that acceleration. We don't have to be geniuses  to realize everything would be squash like a bug under many tones of G-force in that time. Sounds familiar to a current belief what happens inside back holes. We can almost see the significance behind Einstein's 1905 special theory of relativity prediction motion on a light speed scale shrink bodies in the direction of travel and distorts space and time.
Imagine what would happen if there was no terminal acceleration. ( or terminal velocity if you like ). Velocity is a term I personally avoid because it implies a fixed speed. Imagine the distance in time if light didn't stop accelerating. ( not infinite velocity but Infinite acceleration I call it ). Every thing must have a terminal acceleration point we can appreciate controlled by G's in this case ten thousand and eighty million kilometers per hour preventing light from going infinite and what keeps light stuck at it's constant velocity.
The Enterprise's engines are designed like nuclear power stations controlling nuclear meltdown controlling antimatter mix with matter using the repelling forces of the like charges occupying the same space to generate a equivalent a reversing G-force on the forward going acceleration on the reversing G's as the Enterprise shoots forward. In other words the CBS scientific advisers had proposed illuminating the reversing G's of the forward going motion of the Enterprise making it as weightless as if it was motionless when when it was accelerated to light a forward going speed scale.
It also helped to solve others problems.
The heat we feel on a bicycle pump pumping up a tire is not from friction you know. We are feeling the air pressure inside the pump. Traveling at light speed the G's can generate heat comparable to the surface of the sun. In other words on a light speed scale under money tones of G-force a body would be crushed and incinerated as if equal to the gravitational field on the surface of the sun the conditions that keeps it shinning. We'd think the G-forces on a light speed scale may be enough to trigger nuclear fission needed to create a star. In proposing illuminating inertia from the enterprises  motion we only need to think of what Einstein said about the G's going infinite why we can't accede light speed. The consequences would be a equally infinite heat. Light traveling at a finite velocity means a finite amount of G's and heat that cannot cannot be any stronger.
Our free falling kilogram testifies it experiences the force of the earth's mass pulling it to the ground. Finally the G's  is so great it can't be accelerated any father terminating the acceleration to a constant velocity. Any collisions during fall testifies to a kenotic energy stored in it. Einstein and Newton specially Einstein must have recognized the consequences of the inertia in his1905 special theory of relativity as a gravitational equivalence us lay understand better appreciate simply as G's in this case in the straight line motion of light. Boy racers testify to feeling a couple of kilograms weighing them down into their seats in high speed muscle car hi-jinks. They often skite their cars can pull a few G's. Our free falling kilogram was heavy with inertia ( or G-force ) on impact with the street. The weight of the inertia dissipated though the kilogram to rest mass in a second. Most boy racers are not prepared for unexpected out of control spins G for can produce. High speed hi-jinks can be very violent to control. It is easy to loose control. It is very tiring on race car drivers why running from the law will tire them out.
We feel the same G's in fast accelerating roller coaster rides. A few kilograms of weight pulls us back into our seats in powerful straight line acceleration take off's, down hill acceleration runs and when we hit those tight twist and turns with out slowing down. Hitting the turns the G's obeys Newtown law of straight line resisting states of change. A sudden high speed turn maneuver has it's consequences. We feel the G's trying to force our coaster to go straight ahead forced to take the curve at speed. Albert Einstein in his 1915 general theory of relativity contended the forces stars and planets distorts space replacing Newtown's gravity and distorting space and time in what is expressed as gravity waves.
If we weigh a kilogram on a scale on the moon mathematics predicts as the moon's mass is a sixth of earth will show about eight hundred and thirty three grams lighter weighing in at a total of a hundred and sixty six grams. In orbit round the earth or in deep space the scale would read nothing. A vacuum on the moon means no resistance to both the hundred and sixty grams and the almost weightless feather fall and hit the surface at the same time.
Mathematics tells us if light travels just under three hundred thousand kilometers per second in a vacuum limit tells us travels the fixed distance every second the distance light travels. It is the time we say one thousand and one, the time a second hand of analogue clock moves a division, the delay of time the second of a digital time pieces and we walk a meter.
Mathematics tells us the standard metric system tells us there is a thousand meters in a kilometer so there will be three million meters in three hundred thousand kilometers. If you like doing the math's the same proportion applies to miles and feet if you like. What I'm saying, by the time we walk just one meter light had traveled three million meters. Math's tells us the reciprocal ( one divide any number ) tells us light  travels a kilometer in three hundred thousandth of of a second. The standard metric prefix milli for a millisecond tells us thirty milliseconds. It projects travels a meter in three hundred millionth second proving three hundred million meters in one second we walk a meter in the same time.
When Einstein was only sixteen a though crossed his mind "What would it be like to ride on a beam of light"? In other words he was asking what would it would be like to travel in parallel with light speed.?
Think of traveling on a state highway in parallel with surrounding traffic at the same speed. From our point of view inside our car the surrounding vehicles are stationary the scenery passing us front to back. From the road side point of view everything passes every stationary point at speed traveling the  opposite direction we see from inside our car. Operating on the principle we can see the significance if we could view the universe from a light speed point of view.
Everybody agrees mass ( gravity ) plays a major roll in slowing time. We only need to reflect on the current belief of the center of black holes. According to current belief, time in outer of space earth is relatively faster than at sea level on earth because of the earth's mass even slower on the surface of Jupiter let a lone the sun. Time on the top floor of a sky scrapper is a few microseconds ( millionth second ) faster than street level. Albert Einstein must have seen the significance of motion producing G's slow time.