Force and motion

The subject is written to help slow persons that have lack of knowledge and inexperience due to limited connective grasp of written text.

Albert Einstein biographers record he had once had an inspiration a person falling doesn't feel their weight. Not when we experience the final collision with the immovable object of the earth ( or ground if you like ) it wouldn't be the person.

Impact always means a testimony we are not exactly weightless when falling. The famous 16th century scientist Isaac Newton described stationary is not in any motion will remain not in motion indefinitely. Even though it doesn't take much to move a supermarket car park shopping trolley will always wait patiently stationary for the next shopper. In fact when it comes to motion a common theme with both Einstein and Newtown laws of motion. One of Newton's laws says once moved a body will travel in a straight line indefinitely holds true for asteroids, planets and stars because of the zero resistance of space. A body lunched out of a space station hatch for example will not stop.

Einstein realized an accelerating body has a property of becoming heavier and heavier the faster it is accelerated. It is expresses in Newton's third law body's resist being moved expressed as an inertia. It is the properties all boy's in motion has felt as a force. Think of the stomach churning  Rolla Coaster acceleration forces weighing us back into our seats specially when hitting those tight twist and curves with out slowing down often expressed as the Rolla coasters G's ( G-force ) In fact what we feel is little heavier than we experience the earth's gravity normally. If we do the math's on this the equivalent of a couple kilograms ( or pounds per square inch of pounds force if you like ).

Motor vehicle workshop manual conversion tables in the front or back pages include common weights and measures plus the scientific ones for forces, pressure, and torques ( moments of intense acceleration ) in imperil pounds and metric metric table conversions including Pascal's, bars and Newtown's. Using the metric prefix unit mili ( mill-lee, for a thousandth ) and pounds, grams and kilograms. Tiny measures include printed on vitamin and mineral jars as milligrams ( mill-lee cram a thousandth of a gram ) and micrograms ( Micro for a millionth of a gram ) respectively ).

The manual conversion tables are handy. According to a table one Newtown equals in terms the earth gravity's pull on a body weighing on a scale just over three and a half imperil ounces of rest mass. This is a rest mass. Rest mass has as much energy stationary as moving expressed as a potential energy. A conversion to metric grams table is available for use in converting to impearl ounces then there is Newtown's conversion tables readily available. The standard metric system tells us a thousand grams equals a kilogram and where a thousand kilograms equals a metric tone respectively. All in all, mass the force of gravity a body has given a gravitational field ( earth if you like ) ranging from less than a microgram mass of victims and minerals in our blood stream to over several thousand tone supper tanker.

The earth's gravity is constantly pulling everything we hold in our hands which Newton described as an in ( or downward ) pull force on the mass of a body. Officially the force of the earth's gravity is Newtown's but if we use the terms kilograms per square centimeter ( or pounds per square inch if you like ) compressing force expressed as kilogram or ponds force for both stationary as well as in motion.

Einstein's idea of gravity the mass of planets and stars bend space, in this case shrinking it in an inward pull round the entire circumferences much the same way water pressure presses in on all directions in award crushing pressure on a submarine. The pressures are so great they crush submersibles inwards like a bug in less than a second. The mass of a planet ( or star ) experiences a similar pressure in this case many billions of times heavier than a supper tanker.

Mathematics projects if we weigh a kilogram bar ( or just over 2 pounds if you like ) on a scale celebrated for the earth's gravity in kilograms say, on the surface of the moon will show just over 967 grams lighter weighing in at a total of only 33 grams. In terms of Newton's equivalent in the weight and measure conversion tables in the motor manuals are available. The bottom line everything on the moon weighs a third as light than on the surface of earth.

If we invert that, it is clear everything on the surface of the moon weighs a third as heavy on the surface of earth respectively. 33 grams on the moon for example will weight a kilogram on the surface of earth. In open space the scale will read no weight. This tells us the earth's gravity is a third stronger than the moon. The Pounds, grams and Newton conversion tables are all available  for the curious and those who love doing math's can prove it drawing up simple formulas from the manual's tables. They will prove a third of a kilogram weighs 33 grams on the moon and a third of 33 grams weighs a kilogram on the surface of earth respectively.

The law of classical physics tells us the physics of sky diver motion are not moving before they jump form planes so have the potential energy rest mass energy. When they exit despite the air resistance by Isaac Newtown's definition the earth's mass ( the earth's gravity if you like ) snatches at the diver spread eagle accelerating clear of the plane seemly floating in mid air pulled to the surface of the earth.

The earth's mass accelerates there weight up to 320kmph ( 200mph if you like ) in less than a quarter minute and stop accelerating the latter as a constant velocity expressed as a terminal velocity. Terminal velocity means acceleration is terminated to the constant velocity where the diver cannot travel any faster. When the parachute opens air current pulls them upwards with a force in several meters in seconds.

With out a Parachute impact with the ground is their weight traveling at terminal velocity dissipating though their body in a second stop equivalent to several times the earth's gravity. In terms of kilograms several dozen kilograms per square centimeter ( or pounds per square inch if you like ) of temporary gravitational compression dissipating to the normal rest mass in a second.

There is a facture involved in the zero resistance of any vacuum that acts just like resistance weighing acceleration down to a constant velocity where a body can't travel any faster. Every accelerating body in a vacuum encounters no resistance where they eventually can't accelerate any further. For example the earth is encountering no resistance in space traveling no faster than 107,000kmph ( 172,163mph ) orbit velocity round our closest star. ( Or our sun if you like ).

The earth's inertia prevents it from traveling any faster cosmologically relative to Isaac Newtown's law of force and motion on a moving planet's inertia "where there is a force there is an equal and opposite force". A body lunched from a space station will accelerate to high velocity and stop accelerating to constant velocity indefinitely. Where there is no resistance there is a weighing down property in the mass that eventually can't accelerate any faster. Mercury for example the closest planet to the sun doesn't even break this rule. It's mass has enough inertia that weighs it's velocity to a maximum speed limit of 170,000kmph orbit.

In still summer nights our galaxy is viewed as a beautiful stretch of an array of stars. We are actually viewing the stars in the spiral edge of a spiral galaxy. Recent measurements has indicated the sun doesn't travel any faster than 914,000kmph in this spiral arm. Even our galaxy has a maximum speed limit it doesn't travel the universe any faster than it does. A common theme for out of space there is no such thing as stationary. Everything is in a constant state of zero resistance maximum momentum speed limits. All bodies do not travel any faster than their constant velocities.

Back on the surface of earth a few kmph ( or mph ) velocities is keenly felt as weighing back on the velocity feeling. We feel the stress of the motion of production muscle cars accelerating 0 - 90kmph ( 60mph ) in a couple of seconds acceleration. Drag race cars can do little better terminating acceleration at 400kmph in about 7 seconds. Skydivers routinely over come the air resistance terminating accelerating up to 300kmph in less than quarter minute. What we would call G's would be a couple of kilograms heavier than we normally experience the earth's gravity. Passengers in commercial flights even if they never notice it travel well over 600kmph.

We don't have to be Einstein's to realize what the stress of a wild sled ride at sea level at an acceleration of 0 to 160kmph ( 100mph ) in a second would feel like. If we do the math's on that assuming terminal a velocity traveling a 100km every second we'd cover a distance of 360,000km by the time a one hour TV program. Mathematics projects we would be doing a 100km every second at that kmph velocity much faster than a fighter jet. The stress of the G's would be well over several hundred times that of the gravity of the earth. In other words 360,000kmph is a 160km every second a take off acceleration.

Above earth space stations are dragged by the earth's spin pulling the station round the circumference like the moon and despite no resistance can only manage a few 10's of 1,000's of kmph terminal velocity. As commercial air line passenger never notice they travel over 600kmph high in the earth's stratosphere an astronaut can step out into space orbiting earth and feel nothing of the space station's velocity. The bottom line the higher we go away from the earth's gravity at sea level the less we feel higher velocities.

The spin and orbit velocities of earth including all the planets are recorded on the internet. Every given velocities of any planet are the maximum speed limits caused by their inertia masses. 160kmph velocity is very fast traveling at sea level on the surface of earth. Try jumping out of a car traveling only a mere kmph. The common theme is, gravity acts like inertia. At sea level tiny velocities is felt as motion even when moving on the motion of the spinning earth.

The earth's mass compressing earth in a bubble of inward pull on the surface of the earth. It's is what pressures the air we breath and everything else on the surface. The spin velocity is what creates our whether systems on the atmosphere. Think of a glass sphere three quarter fill with water spinning at speed. The glass sphere is the earth and water inside being dragged round inside it as the atmosphere. Whether storms and wind are created by clashing cold and hot are currents helped alone by the spinning rotation of the earth. The effect is what helps create all the energy needed to maintain tornadoes and hurricanes. Better still a snow orb where the little white particles trace the water current's.

The earth's tilt and spin and direction puts the Chatamen islands just south east of New Zealand as is the first land mass to see in the first light of a the sun each day and the top of Scotland the last. It takes twenty four hours for the earth's shadow of night to cross the globe. If its after twelve midnight in the Chatamen Islands it is after twelve midnight of the 24 hours eelier that day in Scotland.

The earth's crust is made up of broken plates. I believe the calculated total mass of the earth about 18 trillion tones per square meter of pressure of space on the entire circumference of the surface of the earth weighs the plates heating up the underneath into molten magma. ( When it comes comes out of volcanoes is known as lava ). It is hot enough under there for magma to be fluid enough to sloop about in waves. The spin velocity forces circulates the magma round the core a couple of meters a year. The fluid waves are detected by scientific instruments as oscillations. Intense readings is a sign of a bubble close to the surface. Circulating currents the iron ore content acts like an electric dynamo that generates the earth magnetic poles. The resulting magnetic felids are strong enough to act as a shield what we think of as the ozone layer protecting the surface from the intense radiation of space. The bottom line is the result of the weigh shrinking space on the surface of the earth.

Operating on the principle despite the zero resistance of any vacuum light doesn't travel any faster than 300,000km/s. Some mathematical number crunching pans it out to ten thousand and eighty million kilometers per hour ( or six hundred ninety nine million six hundred thousand miles an hour if you wish ). In the time of a one hour TV program light traveled a total distance of 10,080,000,000km traveling 300,000km ( or 186,000 miles ) every second of that time.

Einstein realized this maximum speed limit as a constant ( C ) always the same velocity no matter the source. We can see this clearly observing the head lights of approaching car at 80kmph and a pedestrian walking a km ahead on the side of the road with a torch. Both sources travel equally at the maximum light speed limit of light speed. Distance reduces the intensity of the sources. On a clear night the intensity of a car headlights can easily be seen from a advantaged point for kilometers where the tiny touch beam may not be detectable.

Light from the distance stars have been traveling the universe for over 14 billion years. It takes just under eight minutes to reach our eyes from the sun. When it enters the atmosphere it is slowed by a couple of thousand kilometers. It is slowed down more though water and glass at every angle imaginable stopped dead in it's tracts by mirrors and chrome to reverse direction. In less than a second it speeds up again in different angles back though the earth's atmosphere. Once clear it accelerates to it's maximum velocity where it doesn't go any faster.

Because light is slowing down entering the earth's atmosphere and speeding back up when exiting it there is a period of Einstein's special theory of relativity time scale dilution if we look from light speed's point of view. Entering the earth's atmosphere space time changes as light slows down caused by the combined forces of the earth's atmosphere and gravity. When it reverses direction escaping back into open space time slows down again because light is speeding back up as it leaves the earth's surface back into space. All this in under a second.

The sunlight we see this second is 300,000km away from the surface of the earth by time you finish every sentence. Mathematics projects the sunlight we have all being observing every second of our lives was, and is continually doing so every in finishing every sentence will be 10,080,000,000km away from earth by the time a one hour TV program. Sunlight that just left the surface of the sun in real time now is 300,000km above the sun's surface by the time you finish this sentence. If we do the math's tells us real time to our eyes won't receive this sunlight till eight minutes into the future. In our real time our eyes are receiving the sun's sunlight as the sun was 8 minutes ago every time we finish a  sentence. It is traveling a maximum distance of 300,000km every second every 8 minutes of our eyes. We don't have to be Einstein's to realize what the stress of the velocity would be like even traveling in the zero resistance space would be like.

Einstein must have realized the pressure of light speed would be so great he said it is infinite. If a body accelerates in the zero resistance of space ( or any vacuum for that matter ) on a light speed scale would feel the stress of the G's pulling back on it. We'd think it would be a similar experience of spaghettiation we feel falling into a black hole. In terms of tonnage could well be an excess of several hundred thousand trillion tones per square centimeter of pulling back force. ( or tones per square inch if you like ).

Another thing Einstein predicted body's shrink in the direction of travel. Because light speed is a fixed constant we would be compressed up against it traveling in parallel with the same speed as light meaning 300,000km compressed into a time of second every second. In other words space time is a maximum 0f 300,000km/s.

Light is made up of tiny light particles called photons. According to classical physics move back and forth in a wave millions of times faster than a second as they travel in a straight line. The universe is a whole sheet of these osculating particles. They accelerate to a maximum peak and decelerate to a stop to reverse direction reaccelerating the opposite direction to peak decelerating again to a stop repeating an endless cycle. The maximum frequency is the heat from supernovas called gamma rays about a couple of trillion times a second. The maximum frequency of the light we see ( a violet color, a purple blue hue ) only a mere thousand million times a second. The slowest frequency is a bright red color not much different with all the other colors of the rainbow between. We can't see the rest of the radiation frequencies.

The unit for these cycles is Hertz. ( Hz ). Using the standard metric system prefix unites frequencies in the universe range from a couple of Hz, 100,s Kilo for a thousand, mega for a million Giga for a thousand million, Tera for a billion and exa for a trillion respectively. Quantum physics tells us a different story.

Using the same frequency units as in classical physics atomic particles disappear then reappear expressed as tunneling in this case though the fabric of space often expressed as quantum jumping. Particles of the atom are seen by classical physics orbiting racing round the center particles of the atom ( the nucleus ) are seen in quantum physics as jumping from obit to orbit and back. The frequencies don't go any higher than several hundreds of thousands of trillions of times per second. ( Gamma rays from supernovas and man made nuclear bomb explosions ).

If we compare a second on earth to a second seen from a light speeds point of view we can be pretty good at measuring the distance we walk a meter in a second simply by saying "One thousand and one" that equals a second in the stride. The standard metric system tells us there is a thousand meters in a kilometer mathematical number crunching pans out to 300 million meters in 300,000km. This means by the time we walk a meter light had traveled 300 million meters ( or 300,000km if you like ) in the same time. This means light is 300 million times faster we walk a meter.

Mathematics tells us reciprocals are the same number only in the fraction version in this case with light speed light travels a meter 300 millionth of a second. From the standard metric system prefix terms 300 microseconds. This means again the reciprocal tells us we walk a meter a time of 300 million  microseconds equals a a whole second. Thus the time light travels a meter is 300 millionth second we walk the same distance in a second. From light speeds point of view light is 300 million times faster than a second here on earth.

Operating on the principle mathematics projects taking the circumference of the earth into account light would travel round the world a little over 7 times in a second. In other words we would view time the world slowed down by in the ratio of the circumference of the earth distance in 7 times panning out to the same as slowed down in time by 300 million times as slower we observe the passing of a second. In other words we would be 300 million times faster while we view the world as 300 million times slower.

G's is a reflection of Isaac Newtown's law of force and motion where there is a force there an equal and opposite force pulling back on the acceleration NASA uses in training astronauts in weightlessness for decades. When an aircraft drops fast enough trainees experience antigravity, the cancellation of the earth's gravity as Einstein put it, where astronauts lift off the floor frolicking about in weightless fun.

Ten years latter Einstein rewrote the special into general form. He had the insight into a theory the G's under acceleration and planet's and stars bend space. According to Isaac Newton telling us gravity is a pull force stars and planets shrink it round the entire circumferences in an inward squeezing pressure in every direction. In other words space is distorted round them.

The earth's mass for example shrinks space every direction round the entire circumference. In terms of kilogram per square meter ( or Pound Per Square foot if you like ) the equivalent to the weight of a kilogram of squeeze every square meter of the surface at sea level. Anything less we experience an outward bursting pressure sensation evenly spreading everywhere inside us. Gravity any stronger we feel very heavy. Some mathematical number crunching has projected the total mass of the earth equivalent to about eighteen trillion metric tones ( or imperial tones equivalent if you like ) shirking space, in turn space compressing the air we breathe the atmospheric air pressure, on the oceans, us and every thing else on the surface known as Einstein's gravity.

Between Isaac Newtown's laws of force and motion and Einstein's two theory of realities the motion of the earth is responsible for earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The earth is a thin crust covering a ball of molten lava surrounding a solid core. From a theoretical view point the spinning of the earth moves the molten magma beneath our feet to circulate like we observe water glass in a glass sphere when we spin the sphere. It is said in doing so generates the earth's magnate field in turn protects surface of the earth from the ravages of the sun blowing the atmosphere away.

Theoretically velocity of the earth's spin circulates magma under the broken plates. The plates riding on the moving current grind against each other in some places and forced under in various plate boundaries. In terms of kilotons several hundred thousand billion build up in centuries, until the pressure becomes to much either slips the plates under each other, lifts or grind past each other in sudden jerks we feel as earthquakes.

Think of a stuck jam jar lid. We apply pressure till suddenly jerks loose. In other words earthquakes is the result of the release of billions of kilotons of build up pressure. Volcanic eruptions magma is squeezed up cracks in a plate like we apply squeezing pressure on a toothpaste tube. The physics boils down to the weight of the earth's mass shrinking space pressuring the crust. Without the earth's mass and spin volcanoes and earthquakes could never exist.

About eighty years after Einstein published his two theories of realities NBS TV studies produced a science fiction series called the sliders about a university science graduate Quinn Mallory who picked up on the ideal Einstein's special theory of the forces acceleration potentually canceling gravity could be useful for an antigravity device that could revolutionize heavy lifting.

But Mallory got more than he bargained for. His experiment created the holly grail of cosmology an actual wormhole instead, ( perhaps artificially if you like ), right before his eyes that started an on going adventure due to an unfortunate chain of events, he and three friends got trapped sliding the vortex between parallel universes trying to find their way back home their own home world.

The machine was an huge and elaborate dynamo that generated an opened in thin air expanding a couple of meters in diameter. It sucked in the basement atmosphere like a vacuum cleaner. Mallory eventually built a remote control unit that could open the vertex we control our entertainment equipment.

The way I see it gravity of the the two worlds was linked though the vertex. The parallel world pulled the air into the open vortex.  Newtown's property of gravity description the mass of two bodies attracted to each other Quinn's basement felt the forces of the alternate world's gravity falling out the other end like gravity pulling water one end of a open both ends hollow tube. Each episode audiences viewed the sliders traveling inside the wormhole on a sideways plane like the motion of falling from the top floor of a tall sky scrapper viewed side ways falling out the exit. Cosmologist do express traveling bodies in out of space as constantly falling. But what are the traveling bodies fall to in space?

Newton's intuitive reasoning was stimulated observing an apple accelerated from the height of the branch colliding with the immovable mass of the earth. How much does an apple weigh, about half a kilogram or so? ( About five hundred grams? or pounds equivalent if you like ). An experiment with a kilogram mass ( or in pounds equivalent if you like ) and the roof of the top floor of a sky scrapper reveals some interesting features of the force and motion investigated by both Newton specifically Einstein at a light speed scales typical on a light speed scale.

Suspending the mass over the ledge we feel the force of the earth's mass pulling on the mass we are suspending in midd air. We feel as is if a hand is pulling on it. In effect we are feeling the potential energy between the kilogram and earth's masses attracted to each other. We are in fact experiencing first hand what the unit of the earth's gravity really feels like.

Like a sky diver when we let go the earth's mass snatches it accelerating to a meter in a second and stops accelerating to a constant meter per second velocity tumbling headlong all the way down the side of the building colliding with the immovable mass of the street bellow. One of the properties we notice with the free fall the earth's mass can not accelerate the Kilogram mass any faster. The free fall is always a maximum momentum speed limit expressed as a terminal velocity. ( Or a terminal acceleration point if you like ). The kg reaches terminal acceleration several floors in a second.

If we do the math's on this, in terms of the familiar kilometer per hour ( or miles an hour if you like ) the curious specially theses who love challenging math's, can discover a  formulae kilometers per hour equivalent equals sixty squared over K. What that means is this.

Sixty seconds in a minute and sixty minutes in an hour gives a total of three thousand six hundred seconds. Quoting a distance the kilogram mass travels in an hour the equivalent of three thousand six hundred meters every second in an hour equal to the distance time the time of a one hour TV program.

As there is a thousand meters in a kilometer we dived by a thousand giving us three point six kilometers per hour. ( 3.6kmph velocity ) equal to a meter per second respectively. This simple formulae projects the traveling force and impact with the immovable mass of the earth three point six kilometers an hour kilogram falling force in motion and impact with the street. The unit the force of gravity given by scientists is known as Newtown's, nine point eight in fact.

When it comes to the universe garden varieties stars like our sun (our  star ) size the mass shrinking space round them quoting equivalent tonnage well in excesses of several thousand trillion tones per square centimeter. ( Or in imperil trillions of tones per square inch if you like ). That's just one cubic centimeter of the stars surface gravity let a lone the cores. There is a lot of square centimeters in the entire volume of stars. Entire masses are enough to shrink space several hundred thousands of trillions of kilotons per centimeter of ( or tones per square inch ) compression enough weight to restrain ( or capture ) hundreds and thousand of trillions of nuclear explosions from tearing the star apart into space.

Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity is the key in understanding black holes shrinking a deep wells in space. Black holes are believed to be the remains a super massive star gone supper nova leaving a region of what could be described as a dark matter right in the center called a singularity smaller than a particle of the atom with as much inward squeeze pressure equivalent to a tonnage way-way beyond trillions of kilotons enough to effect light.  Einstein's theory tells us should sink a deep well in space so steep ( virtually vertical walls ) light speed isn't fast enough to to climb back out. As nothing can exceed light speed means nothing can escape the vertical walls of the well.

One thing is certain, the immense shrinking power of supper massive stars ability to distort space. The law of compression says it produces heat. For example, the heat we feel pumping air into a tire of a bicycle pump is not from friction you know. Scientifically heat is nothing more than the energy of vibrating atoms. When the energy is compressed they continue vibrating but in a in a tighter confined space. The shrunk space caused by the mass of a supper massive stare compresses the vibrating atoms of the already hot star further. The weight of the compressed space in terms of the metric prefix unit equivalent to well over trillions of thousands of kilotons per square centimeter ( or trillions of tons per Square Inch equivalent if you like ) generating temperatures millions of digress Celsius. The tonnage is enough to compact the otter orbiting particles called electrons into the neighboring orbits.

The simplest is hydrogen basically made of only two particles, one orbiting ( the electron ) whizzing round on a light speed scale round a a particle called a proton. Trillions of hydrogen atoms in every cubic millimeter ( or quarter inch ) are under pressure forcing neighboring hydrogen electrons into neighboring hydrogen electron orbits. The distorted space has effectively created another atom called helium called fusion. Fusion is an opposite to splitting the atom that occurs in nuclear explosions called fission. Fusion collapses atoms crushing them together in this case the distorting space surrounding the supper massive star. There is so many hydrogen atoms there is enough for well of trillions upon trillions of trillions in a volume of a square centimeter the entire circumference of the whole star converted to helium every second for well over millions years.

When compressed enough the resulting fusion is like a explosion of light particles called photons our eyes can see along with other particles we don't see believed to occur near the core. It is believed takes millions of years to travel to the surface bursting out with enough escape velocity from the compression of space. As light doesn't travel any faster than just under three hundred thousand kilometers per second ( or a hundred and eighty six thousand miles per second, if you like ) is the maximum velocity the particles fan out into space in every direction. away and towards us. If this is the case, it is amazing to see sunlight today that was first created near the core of our sun the time dinosaurs where roaming the earth.

Over several million years the outer layer of all stars supply of hydrogen becomes in short supply. This is a stars dieing stages. The outer helium layers expand, trillions of kilotons per square millimeter of pressure as it is, increasing further heating up the star again. At this point a particle called neutrons are created though fusion. Our sun isn't a supper massive star. It has only enough mass to finally die out to a neutron star.

There are stars out there that are big enough to go a lot further than that. Space is constantly compressing every new layer. There is no let up. Theses stars start fusing electrons and neutrons into the outer orbits of others step by step creating the elements the universe is made of. Last but not lest space has finally shrunk with enough pressure to create iron and finally carbon atoms. When theses stars run out of forging carbon atoms pressure of the heat energy has reached light speed proportions. The compression of space cannot hold back this kind of expansion energy any. Once the heat had reached this proportion detonates like a bursting balloon into a supernovae explosion jettisoning what's left of the layers into space. The atoms of the chemical elements are spread across deep space only the velocity of light speed in all directions. They can't travel any faster.

In less than a second space has no more pressure to resist anymore. What was once billions of  kilometers across star at temperatures of billions of degrees Celsius collapses to point of compression smaller than a particle of an atom cooling to a temperature of only degree  off minus two hundred and seventy three degrees Celsius cold of pure gravitational force equivalent to several hundred thousands of billions of trillions of trillions of kilotons several hundred thousands of millions times a smaller than a centimeter. The result is the creation of a singularity deep in the center of black holes.

This point the share vertical wall of distorted space created by the heavy weight singularity the same dimensions the star collapsed to. There is no light radiation several million kilometers. Fusion had stopped leaving just the black void of darkness traveling the universe distorting space as it goes. There is no light so we see no evidence of it visually, the same color as space a form of optical illusion that tells us doesn't necessarily mean that the distorted region of space isn't there.

There is one thing that does tell us distorted space exists is light itself. If the black void passes across any light of a galaxy the distorted space distorts that light giving away the presence of the blackness surrounding the center looking like a black hole. The boundary of the black hole is the gravitational pull beyond light speed escape velocity called the event horizon. The boundary where it is possible light can still escape surrounding the event horizon is expressed as the egasphere ( Erg a sphere ) we can see light at the edge of the black hole. Once light travels beyond the ergaphere entering into the event horizon area we don't see is a point of no return.

The egasphere is a area of interest to cosmologists where they think if a black hole is spinning at light speed will have some sort of resemblance of the law of centrifugal force property in the egasphere deflecting traveling particles away before they enter the event horizon the world famous wheel chair cosmologists Stephen Hawking had worked on in the mid 1970's that has become known as Hawking radiation.

Some of us believe the centrifugal forces of a spinning black hole spinning at light speed should be able to create an aperture in the singularity forming a ring black hole. Centrifugal force is made up of the laws of circular motion we can find in any physics text book including web pages.