Gravity can be defined as an energy when we think of the work it does pulling on the mass of bodies .The father of gravity Isaac Newton tells us it's an attractive force at a distance not unlike a magnetic field has on nails at a distance. We feel the work and energy of any magnet as we hover a nail over them tugging at us at a distance. So to the same work and energy of the earth's mass we feel when we lift things not unlike as if someone is pulling the body as we lift defining weight. This means the lifting we feel depends on the sizes of a body. In other words the earth's mass defines it's gravity.
At sea level an inward pull on the atmosphere has been determined as the cumulated force of a kilogram per cubic meter the entire circumference of the earth's surface defined in 9.8N of gravitational force for earth. The mass of the earth is the gravitational constant. Mathematics projects for the moon's gravity sixth less as strong as earth as 5.88N.
Since the earth and moon's masses don't change so to gravitational forces of each body. The force remains the same only the weight of the different masses is different. For example a scale weighing a kilogram mass shows the force of the earth's mass is exactly that. If we do the math's on the surface of the moon the math's projects the scale would show about 83 grams less showing the moon's mass weighs the same 1kg mass as 166 grams.
With all the worlds oceans there must be a horrific amount of weight pressuring the crust. The mass of the earth weighs each tectonic plate heavily on the molten magma beneath our feet displacing it like we displace water in a bath. Earthquakes and volcanic outbursts depend on the movement grinding past or riding over the top of each other either grinding past one other sticking building pressure finally slipping or seduction squeezing the magma like squeezing toothpaste.
The deepest parts of the oceans are closer to the center of the earth's mass crushing the water down there that implode inwards submersibles like a bug. A theory proposed by Albert Einstein in his General theory of relativity the earth's mass shrinks space round it rather like the weight of an apple rapping a piece of paper round itself giving the pulling pressure of the earth's mass.
If we drop a one kilogram of mass (think of a 1kg packet of cheese or butter) from the roof of a very tall sky scrapper the work and energy of the earth's mass accelerates it to a meter in a second. Then it stops accelerating to a constant meter per second defining terminal velocity I like to express as a terminal acceleration. If we do the math's on this 3.6kmph free falling momentum straight down the side of the building to the street bellow.
The earth's mass cannot accelerate it any faster I like to think of as a maximum momentum speed limit. On impact with the ground the 1kg at 3.6kmph impact dissipates though the mass making a mess in the processes. There is enough force to kill and maim any pedestrian in the way stored when it was charged with energy in the initial acceleration. The stored energy in a moving body is called kinetic energy. Since acceleration was terminated to a constant free fall momentum the kinetic energy must have built up and stopped storing to a constant value.
I like to think of the terminal acceleration due to the property of all things in motion called inertia. Before we dropped the 1kg mass we felt the pull of the earth's mass on it. It feels like a anther person pulling on it. expressed as potential energy. Once let go at the end of the first second in a distance of a meter the 1kg had gained weight not mass and stopped charging. In other words during rest of the free fall the kilogram mass was heavier than if at rest the source of the kinetic energy, dramatically demonstrated impacting he street bellow will testify.
In the first second of impact as if a the earth was a bigger mass where all the damage is done to the density of the1kg pack of cheese a, solid steel block or sphere, an apple, a cricket or tennis ball crashing into the foot walk. The solid cricket ball will have enough mass to do quite some considerable with a minimum amount of bouncing while a the air filled basket ball will bounce sky high doing little damage.
In other words air filled bodies have a maximum amount of bounce while solid bodies have minimal bounce They have no where else to go so accelerate straight into the ground. The ground stops them dead in their tracks as the mass is forced to accelerate into the walk. In less than a second accelerates in the reverse direction as if the walk was pushing back.
Acceleration is not a constant. It is changing in time. For our free falling 1kg mass accelerated from zero to a meter in a second means if we break down the second into milliseconds a thousand milliseconds in the distance of a meter. If we do the math's on this a millimeter every millisecond in one second. An acceleration is meters per second every second per second written m/s with a little razed 2 until terminal acceleration where the the acceleration has changed to a constant velocity in a second.
In 1905 Albert Einstein realized this when a though accrued to him a person falling doesn't feel their weight. That lead to the special theory of gravitational equivalence For example think of how NSA has used the principle for decades training astronauts in accelerated nose diving aircraft.
When a plan descends very fast the floor of the fuselage seems to drop away from under the trainees feet where they frolic about in weightless fun. Einstein's special theory is really describing acceleration as antigravity. the opposite is true.
When a plan ascends skyward fast enough the floor seems to press on the occupants in the fuselage pressing them on it as if a stronger gravity. The plane had become a gravity generator. But what about the person feeling weightless during free fall? Sky divers feel the force of the mass of the earth pulling on them in the first second they jump as a falling a accelerated sensation. But as the sensation only lasts a second they dismiss it and assume they are weightless. Colliding with the ground without a Para shoot testifies nothing of the sort. The force of the decent forces their body to keep going into the ground. For a brief second they feel as if the they were at rest on a far bigger planet.
Einstein had discovered the gravitational equivalence as the result of mass in motion. Newtown's third law of describes bodies tend to resist motion called inertia. The inertia on the free falling 1kg mass was so great it forced the termination of acceleration to a const velocity. Spatial thinking can easily conclude the inertia of the earth's motion orbiting the sun can well be the force of it's gravity.
At this very moment we are traveling though space on a spinning earth. The earth travels in orbit round the sun a distance of thirty kilometers in a second. If we do the math's on this we travel a distance of a hundred and eight thousand kilometers by the time a one hour TV program. (108,000kmph). By the time you read this sentence we have traveled a distance of a hundred kilometer though space and never know it. The discrete changing of light of evenings and dawns are so agonizingly slow we don't observe it in every moment of time. e never observe evening stars stars arch in motion. They all appear perfectly stationary in every moment of time. So too the sun and moon. Why can't we tell the earth is in motion?
An answer lays in the fact motion in space is different than on the surface of earth. Take 80kmph (50mph) for example. In space a thousand times the speed ( 80,000kmph, 50,000mph) feels stationary. An astronaut can exit a space station for a space walk as if stationary. Try that in a kmph moving vehicle on the surface of the earth. It seems gravity creates the sense of motion.
The closer to a gravitational field the more we feel lower velocities. The further away more speed is required to notice any motion. From this we'd observe it would appear no gravitational all extreme velocity should feel motionless just like we feel the earth feels stationary to us. Here the earth is held in orbit by the sun but there is the combined gravitational field of the entire solar system.
According to Newton force can be calculated by multiplying a known "mass" (the mass unit is in kilograms) by a known "acceleration value". The law of mathematics allows us to formulate several formulae from "Force" equals "mass" times "acceleration into the "Force" equals "acceleration" times the "mass", the mass equals the "force" dived by the "acceleration" and the acceleration equals the "force" dived the "mass" respectively. (F=ma, F=am m=F/a and a=F/m). But this only during acceleration which is constantly changing. As acceleration is never an infinite there will always be a terminal acceleration to a constant velocity at some point. A case in point
0 to 80kmph (50mph) is an acceleration of 1.33 meters per second per second until it is terminated to a constant 80kmph giving 1.33 meters distance traveled per second constant velocity that mathematics proves terminal acceleration results at 80kmph.
Even in the zero resistance of space there is a terminal acceleration despite what math's tells us. If a body obeys zero resistance law means literally a body set in motion in space would have an infinite acceleration. Lets say for argument sake we launch a body that accelerates a meter in the first second and ten times the distance every second after that indefinitely.
As a meter is 0.001km so at the "beginning of the first second" the body would be stationary. For every second of acceleration a zero is taken away. For example at the "end of the first second" the body would have traveled a meter.(0.001km). At the end of the second second the body would have traveled ten meters. (0.01km). At the end of the third second would have traveled a hundred meters (0.1km) and by the end of the fourth second a thousand meters a kilometer by the end of four seconds. (No zeros equals 1km)
From here on for every second a zero is added so by the end of the fifth second the body would have traveled ten kilometers. (one zero). By the end of the sixth would have traveled a hundred kilometers. (Two zeros) By the end of the seventh second would have traveled a distance of a thousand kilometers. (three zeros)
By eight seconds would have traveled a distance of ten thousand (four zeros) and by the end of nine seconds a hundred thousand (five zeros) and by the end of ten seconds the body would have traveled a million kilometers. (six zeros)
By eleven seconds the body would have traveled ten million (seven zeros) and by the end of the twelfth second a hundred million. (eight zeros) By thirteen seconds the body would have traveled a distance of a thousand million. (nine zeros) . By the end of fourteen seconds the body would have traveled ten thousand million kilometers. (ten zeros). Traveling 15 seconds means by a quarter minute the body would have traveled a distance of a hundred million kilometers. eleven zeros)
By sixteen seconds the body would have traveled a billion kilometers (twelve zeros) and by seventeen ten million. (thirteen zeros). By the end of the eighteenth second would have traveled a distance of a hundred billion (fourteen zeros) and by the end of nineteen seconds would have traveled a distance of a thousand billion kilometers. (fifteen zeros)
By twenty seconds the body would have traveled ten thousand billion kilometers, (sixteen zeros) by twenty one seconds, a hundred thousand billion, (seventeen zeros) and by twenty two a trillion kilometers (18 zeros).
By the end the twenty fifth second would be a ten trillion kilometers (19 zeros). By twenty three seconds the body would have traveled a hundred trillion, (20 zeros). By the end of the twenty fourth second would have traveled a hundred trillion (21 zeros) and by the end of the twenty fifth second would be a thousand trillion kilometers,(22 zeros).
At this rate by the time a half minute the body would have traveled well in excess of several thousand trillion kilometers one and thirty zero kilometer number. Imagine the distance in a whole minute, that we know there is sixty seconds in a minute, let a lone all the seconds in a hour (three thousand four hundred ) raveling all seconds in every day (eighty six thousand four hundred) all the seconds in each month, year, decade, century, millennia, (every thousand years), every second of a million, a billion and trillions of years even all the seconds in trillions of centuries of acceleration every zero added to every previous and still accelerating beyond with out end.
A lot of us believe light has no mass (weightless ) Applying the math's on light speed it takes a second to travel a distance of just under three hundred thousand kilometers where the traveling body had exceeded light speed many times after ten seconds. As far as light is concerned even in the zero resistance of space it can't accelerate any faster. Instead it's at it's maximum momentum where it doesn't travel any faster. It's at it's maximum momentum speed limit.
A lot us also believe gravity slows light, resulting in all sorts of speculations of what's inside them. They are cosmic black bodies. A black body is anything with a mass heavy enough to absorb a hundred percent of light. Imagine a body heavy enough in you own back yard to absorb a hundred percent of sunlight. We'd would view it as a spooky black void resting in our garden. I doubt it would have the sharp edges. The sunlight sucked into the black void edges would look like water being drained down a sink plug hole.
It's possible possible the escape velocity from a black hole may be anything above the maximum momentum limit of light speed itself like four, five or six thousand kilometers per second, what ever.
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