Common retailers sell off the shelf budget mini notes books and tablets to huge high priced laptops. Budget models tend to be exclusively general purpose Microsoft Personal Computer types. Apple Mack's tend to be none PC based computers tending to be very stable while Microsoft PCs have their fair share of some stability problems.

Budget PC's running smoothly depends on the habits of us users. Large file size is a drain their operating system speed and memory resources not so much effected by Apple operating systems. Any new off the shelf retailer computer are fast theses days, even budget mini note books and tablets as is any computer with virtually empty hard drives.

Hard drives up to three quarters full with file size beyond the speed and memory capacity cut down expensive and fast computers to the speeds of empty hard drive budget mini note books. Mini notebooks haven't  the capacity to process large file size file collections. There best stability for theses models is a 1/4 full hard drive small file size collection with small file names.

Today it's standard protocol all computers are internet oriented. Top of the range laptops are designed for large collections of file sizes as large as uncompressed multimedia photography, video and entertainment programs specially operating from the internet.

Budget mini note books, Mac minis. I pads and tablets are designed as the names says only as basic note books with a very limited capacity for anything else. They are ideal for collections of small size word documents and basic paint sketch collections.

One of the big problems for budget computers is a collection of no longer working short cut files neglected sitting around cluttering up users desk tops. Apple equivalent are called aliases. They are like HTML links a primary behind the scenes program folder name a slash and the secondary folder name a slash the file name and type locations in the users system.

If there is no match to any one of the folder or file name or file type the path is incomplete created when any one of the folders or the file is renamed or shifted to other locations. A solution is to delete the short cut and if wished recreate a new one liked to the new location.

Too many broken in Microsoft PC short cuts creates a disorganized collection hierarchy paths. The larger the collection the worse it gets. It can become quite a mess for operating systems to manage.

Often deceiving to Microsoft users if long missing or forgotten ( even thought deleted ) outdated and no longer used is marked as hidden so are hiding files from user's hogging speed and memory resources in the background the cause of slow down of computer performance and program freezing.

To restore Microsoft a hidden folder or file refer to the control panel and open folder options. The folder options dialogue appears. Clicking the view tab clicking "Show hidden files, folders and drives" clicking apply and OK displays greyed out hidden file or folders in their locations.

Right clicking them the properties dialogue box displays. Clicking out the tick in the "hidden" tick box clicking apply and OK restores the file or folder back the way it was. 

Uses will need to go back to folder options clicking "Hide folder files or drives". Apple operating systems don't work that way. There is no control panel. The Apple equivalent is called system preferences. This procedure is effective tool in checking where you personal files my have gone to in case accidentally marked of Roget as hidden.

A large file size collection accidentally clicked hidden or otherwise the folder or file program continues to draw a significant amount of memory reverse and speed. No amount of clean up can, ( unless the characteristic clean up program of the operating system does so in the clean up processes ), the hidden personal files will always still be there hogging computer resources in the background. 

Checking any personal files that may have gone hidden unlocking them is one of the steps in file cleaning up. Once hidden folders and files are shown users are free to unlock them and proceed in clean up deleting, resaving in any new location of choice or saved in back ups ect.

Apple operating systems have no registry system the way Microsoft operating systems do. Microsoft programs interact with each other the programming is under the control of the operating systems registry. When a file is deleted the operating system doesn't delete the information because it is needed by most of the other programs. Apple operating system manages the interactive programs differently. 

We know about filing files in alphabetical and numerical order. We look up phone books the first and second letters in alphabetical order of the person. It is the same with PC folder and file naming. The view menu in PC operating systems allows users to arrange any way liked except for the alphabetical order of the files names users have no control of.

No matter the view setting all folder and file names are arranged in numerical and alphabetical order. Even the speed of the ultra fast common new retailer Non PC will take hours to scan an address one at phone book list.

We don't do that do we. We go straight to the block the first letter of the persons name. Then narrowing down we look for the name the second letter of the spelling and so on. The same automatic protocol with PC operating system protocols on the folder and file names. Even new empty budget mini notes books, tablets and PCs will locate a phone number this way in seconds.

Using numbers as file names if we wish out of alphabetical order approach. They are ideal for multiple clone copies of the same file name. Computers don't file numerical order 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5 and 6 order but 01, 02, 03, 04, 05 and 04 respectively. Numbers are seem 09, 1,0,  1,1,  1,2,  1,3,  1,4 through to.......1, 9,  2,0,  2.1,  2,2,  2,3, 2,4 though to.........2,9,  3,0,  3,1,  3,2,  3,3.  3.4 though to.........3,9, 4,0.........and so on.

They check the first number say 34 for example , as 3 then the second number 4 and so on. If more than two digit numbers the same principle. They check every number as a individual single digit. This is how typical new retailer computer manages 64-bit ( binary numbers ) as individual 64 single numbers.

A near full hard drive of fastest new off the shelf retailer PC are slowed down quite a lot searching though complex folder and file structures because of registry searches specially if a messy collection of errors. The slowest new budget mini lap tops and tablets available can bet them with empty hard drive content with simple one to two letter folder and tiny file names. The more empty a PC is the more tidy the registry the faster it is and vice versa principle the more crowed the hard drive the more slower the speed.

Retailer shops for the common models display the speed ratting as a part of advertising hypothetical for PCs empty hard drives. Wait till a hard drive is full. The slower the speed ratting the more basic file name structures are needed for PCs to keep them running smoothly. The largest speed ratings for the most part are the expensive models that can speed though more complex folder and file structures up to half full hard drives.

Long file names slow down any PC scanning. The longer the hierarchy pathway names the slower the processing even high processing speed because of a untidy registry. 

One of the tricks keeping budget models particularly mini note book and tablets running smoothly is keeping the hard about quarter full and keeping the registry tidy with minimal folder hierarchy structures minimal valid short cut files and tiny file names. Anther trick because PC also scan recycle bin or trash bins. If you can do with out it keeping it turned off can be beneficial in increase processing speed plus all personal hidden folder and file property menus switch adds to the speed.

When you save a file to the hard drive by default they save in the closest available space. This is because it takes time for any computer to shuffle the rest of the files making room for the new file position.

Think of the insertion of a new sentence in a paragraph of a word processor. Even with high processing speeds uses often experience a few seconds delay as it works at shifting the rest of the text to make room for the new insertion in this case the moving files in the hard drive round in finding room for the new file.

Apple operating systems are different from PCs they don't need a de frag program PC's have to. Users can observe this by observing the position the new file added to the list most of the time at the end. In PCs going out of the folder returning back resets the folder or file in the numerical order sequence.

The habit of doing that while uses work will find when the time comes to defrag their hard drive operating systems often report doesn't need deflagrating at this time. By manually resetting the file to the right location as a user works keeps the hard drive defrag mated and helping to keep users computer's running smoothly.

A slow down hazard for any computer is RAM. Random Access Memory is the instant access not from the hard drive but a temporary copy of every thing including the entire operating system from a mother board chip set. The hard drive is not in use. Including both PC and Non PC computers uses are operating straight from the mother bard. When shut down the whole lot including the not save work is discharged. Only the operating system is reloaded at restart.

Pressing the sleep mode in the shut down menu nothing is discharged. Both computers is still drawing power to maintain users unsaved work where they left off. Pressing the keyboard on off button activates the sleep mode characteristics of the computer. Pressing it again activates the sleep mode wake up system where users can continue were they left off.

Problems occur in PCs if the storage data is near the maximum of the RAM capability of the PC. Non PCs handle the overload differently. In the PC situation there is a minimal  memory margined. A PC hard drive about 90% full is a drain on RAM memory resources. PCs are forced to take time to scrounge up more memory from around the system from RAM to the hard drive.

If large file sizes are are marginal memory reserves computer programs start to run out of memory and start stopping working, in other words freezing problems. The PC has run out of memory resaves waiting for more to come that never comes.

For PCs about a 1/4 of the total hard drive capacity in RAM rule of thumb is safe bet keeping your computer RAM resources well bellow maximum keeping PC programs running smoothly. 

To determine the memory capacity of of both PC and and Apple computers refer to the computer window right clicking a blank space the properties menu displays.

Clicking properties uses have a fair specification guide of the computer details of it's RAM available. Clicking the operating system details gives how much hard drive is free.

The same principle applies when users right click any folder or file. Deducting what the operating says as the file size from, the total RAM specification available tells us what's left is the RAM memory reverse.

We observe the second hand of analogue clock and watches move a division ever second. It is the same amount of time as digital clocks and watch seconds, the same amount of time we say "One thousand and one" the same amount of time we walk a meter, The same amount of time light travels a distance of just under three hundred thousand kilometres ( or a hundred and eighty six thousand Kilometres if you like ), the same amount of time it travels seven times round entire circumference of earth a light second the distance light travels in a second. The moon is close enough to be less than a couple of light seconds away from earth.

Our mathematical instinct agrees it is only a matter of sixty seconds in a minute times a light second giving us the distance light travels in a minute. Light takes eight minutes from the sun to reach our eyes so is only a matter of eight times sixty times a light second gives the total distance it will travel in that time. This means our sun is the nearest star to us a mere eight light minutes away.

In real time light from the sun is 300,000km above the sun's surface by the time you finish this sentence every second. We won't see this light until eight minutes into the future. By the time it reaches us in eight minutes time is only a image of what the sun was eight previous every second. What we see now is already 300,000km away from earth by the time you finish this sentence in every second.

When we apply the math's the total distance pans out to be sixty, times eight, equals four hundred and eighty then times a light second which pans out to be a 144 million kilometers away ( 0r in miles eight hundred and ninety two eight hundred thousand ) form earth.

Theoretically if we were to match light speed traveling from earth to the sun from our point of view would only take eight minutes to get there, while from observers point of view when we get there we would be eight minutes into the past and from our point of view earth is eight minutes into the future. We would have to stop or we would over shoot the sun. So that we don't cook ourselves when we reach the sun we would need to accelerate a distance of 300,000km in a second traveling at that constant velocity less than eight minutes compensating we don't get burnt up from the heat and decelerate a distance of 300,000km to a stop in a second. It will take quite a bit of planning to find the right distance, and heat shielding.

Imagine the G's only once round the circumference of earth in a second let a lone seven times in that time. The physics reminds us of the consequences of such a high velocity in the earth's gravity. We only need to be reminded of space ship modules reentering the earth's atmosphere. Imagine at light speed. The air would would reach a few hundred degrees Celsius in less than a few seconds and crushed like a bug by the compression pressure.

We are reminded in out of space we are away from the earth's gravity's influence. Most us us believe the gravity slows time including black holes stopping it completely. The same sediment the speed in light limit. In other words all four G's, gravity's influence. light speed and black holes all have somthing in common as far as time is concerned.

Also there is Einstein's influence the mass at light speed becoming infinite. Encountering none of the traditional resistance in a vacuum we know of, light doesn't go any faster than it's own velocity. It is at it's maximum momentum speed limit. In other words all that's stopping it from going any faster is it's own velocity in other words the G's terminating it to it's speed limit. In out of space light speed is terminated to it's velocity. Following Einstein's influence and the belief time stops at light speed rivals that of black holes.

If we do the math's on light speed mathematics' tells us the reciprocal of a light second is the same number in reverse. 300,000km/s is 300,000th second the time it takes to travel a distance of a kilometer. Our mathematical instinct agrees it is only a matter of 1 divide 300,000 equals 300,00th. For a meter it is only a matter of asking ourselves how many meters in 300,000km the reciprocal the time it takes to travel just one meter we walk a second. From our point of view light traveling round the circumference of earth seven times is the same amount of time we walk a meter in a second.

The reciprocal tells us light is 300 million times as fast as our environment second. If we do the math's on this light see's us 300 million seconds per meter velocity. Light speed is relative to our point of view and our environment second is relative to light speeds point of view. While light see's us 300 million times as slow as our second we see it 300 million times as fast. If our environment's time is fixed means from each point of view tells us our environment's time cannot go any slower than we view light speed as fast.

Galileo, Isaac Newtown and Albert Einstein are the three big names in the laws of force and motion. Motion is a movement that takes time to travel from a to b. A significant importance in motion is Newtown's third law which states where there is a force there is an equal and opposite reaction. In the early 20th century Einstein used an elevator describing antigravity NASA has been using airplanes training astronauts in weightlessness for the last sixty years

Isaac Newton described the mass of bodies including stars and planets pulls inward with a force. Einstein took a different view point where the masses bend space. The mass of the earth for example shrinks it round the entire circumference. The mass of the streets of your neighborhood is bending space inward on themselves as equally the streets of the neighborhoods is bending space inward on themselves the other side of the globe.

If we use a reference, the earth's mass pressures us with a force of a kilogram per cubic meter the entire surface at sea level. High in the atmosphere the earth gravity is weaker than sea level while the core is much stronger. It is the combined mass pulling space to the surface of earth that causes the weight of it's cracked egg shell crust shifting resulting in the colliding and grinding together pressures of the plates resulting in earthquakes and volcanic euripus.

Einstein tells us falling fast enough elevators we feel lighter because of less gravity. NASA training astronauts has been using high altitude nose diving aircraft to achieve the same effect for over fifty years. Astronauts lift off the fuselage floor frolicking about in weightless fun the exact weightlessness Einstein described what happens inside a falling elevator. In other words nose diving aircraft and falling evaluators become antigravity devices Einstein expressed as a cancellation of gravity.

Einstein was inspired by the thought of a person falling from a roof of a building they don't feel their weight that inspired the 1905 special theory of reality. Today's sky diver agree we are free falling experiencing weightlessness. Einstein's special theory describes falling elevators or in our case astronauts in the fuselage of a free falling plane experience no gravity at all he expressed as a gravitational equivalence.

Einstein tells if motion is fast enough we experience the similar effect. We are all reminded how familiar we are with car magazine rating test car performances. 0 to 60 ( in mph,  equal to 96kmph ) in a given seconds is common.

The average family hatch can accelerate roughly 0 to 96Km in several seconds. A little less time if pushed. We don't experience any significant G's. Sport cars can do it in a couple of seconds. We begin to experience a slight sensation of a increase in our body weight pulling us back into our seats. Powerful drag race cars 0 to 96kmph in a second. Jet fighter take off short runways of aircraft carriers even less.

By the time I mentioned jet fighter take off you probably thought more about G's. It is the result of Newtown's third law of motion in a straight line acceleration. Fast enough there is a opposite and equal force pulling back on the acceleration. It is expressed as inertia. We experience it as a our body weight increasing weighing us back into our seats in high speed Rolla Coaster accelerations. It is as if in a heavier gravity.

If we use a reverence a G of acceleration it is the earth's mass pulling on us our stationary body weight one G. Two G's is a point we experience reach a weight twice our body mass and three G's three times and the legal limit for Rolla coasters is limited to a maximum of four G's. The average person won't feel very well for a while, brain disorientation and unsteady ness recovering from the ride. There is enough force to pass us out and a potential of stopping bad hearts and pace maker problem headaches for Roller coaster managers. Only the fit can withstand jet fighter forces they are capable of generating. The faster the acceleration the more we feel our whole body becomes weight down by G's.

The opposite is true. If a plane climbs fast enough astronauts cling to the roof like gravity. In other words enough velocity produces Isaac Newtown's third law of motion. Newtown's first and second laws state body's tend to resist acceleration. It becomes a point where the accelerated body can't go any faster stabilized to a constant velocity. In other words a terminal acceleration point expressed as terminal velocity.

Terminal acceleration is the effect of the inertia terminating everything to a maximum speed limit. No matter the peddle to the metal or open throttle vehicles can not go any faster than their maximum speed limits. At full throttle the Japanese and German Inter City Express ( ICE ) bullet trains can not go any faster than 350kmph ( or 220mph if you wish ). Beside it is the maximum safe cursing speed on the surface of earth. Any faster suffer violent air turbulence buffeting.

The famous road safety expression use by the police "the faster you go the bigger the mess" testifies to the high energy of high speed collisions. G's build up at acceleration and terminate at maximum speed. The G's have become a point at which the force cannot accelerate the body any faster. We only need to think of traveling in a twenty five year old SUV ( Sports Utility Vehicle ) at a 160kmph ( 100mph ) on a state highway for a while how exhausting the ride can be at controlling it. No matter the pedal to the metal it won't go any faster.

In the zero resistance of out of space gases to entire galaxy's are traveling ( expressed as falling because of the pull of all the gravity in the universe ), are at their maximum speed limits of thousands of kmph velocities. A body lunched from a space station hatch for example accelerates a second terminating to a constant velocity of no less than a few thousands of kmph. Try stepping out of a vehicle traveling less than a kmph at sea level. That's is because of the earth's gravity at this level has a damping effect on velocities.

The earth's core is much stronger than on the surface. Velocity is dampened the closer we get to the core. Above sea level is less gravity. In Einstein's specially theory of relativity explains a high altitude passenger jet plane example passengers never feel they are cruising 800kmph ( 500mph ) on a planet well in excess of tens of thousands of kmph spin and orbit velocities of the earth round the sun. Looking out the window an overcast cloud covers look like they are traveling less than a kmph velocity.

The special theory reminds us there is no such thing as stationary in space. The gas and dust of nebulas to entire galaxies travel no faster than their current speeds. In other words everything has a maximum speed limit including light. Dispite light having no resistance to it's velocity in out of space it is terminated to just under three hundred thousand kilometers per second ( 300,000km/s or a hundred and eighty six thousand miles per second, 186,000m/s if you like ) constant velocity. If we do the math's on this in terms of kmph, ten thousand and eighty million. ( 10,080,000,000kmph or 669,000,000,6000,000mph six hundred and sixty nine million six hundred miles an hour )

Lets think a bit of an acceleration from 0 to a 160kmph ( or a 100mph if you like ) at sea level on the surface of earth in a second for a minute. Mathematics tells us in terms of meters per second equals just under half a meter, ( zero point four, four, four.......meters to be exact ), 0.444444m/s terminal velocity point in second. Accelerating motor vehicles constantly increase speed every second meters per second per second ( m/s² ) until it is terminated to a constant velocity where the vehicle can't go any faster in this case 0 to a 160kmph in a second.

Isaac Newtown's acceleration formulae concludes force equals mass times acceleration ( f = m a ) tells us we can find the force with a given mass ( kg ) knowing the terminal velocity point. The law of mathematics projects force equals acceleration times mass ( f = a m ), acceleration equals force over ( expressing division  a = f / m ) and mass equals  force over acceleration ( m = f / a ) respectively. Math's can't lie you know.

Our mathematical instinct agrees we can project the meters per second velocity is only a matter of sixty seconds in a minute and sixty seconds in an hour pans out to three thousand six hundred seconds. Multiplied by point, four, four, four....( 0.4444444 and so on  ) equals three thousand six hundred ( one thousand five hundred an ninety nine to be exact ). In other words 0.4444m/s equals the same assaying a 160kmph.

Since the standard metric system tells us there is a thousand meters in a kilometer -kilo ( key low ) a 160kmph velocity throughout the distance as the same amount of time a one hour TV program. In other words a one hour TV program of time given a mass of the body and the force equals a distance of just under half a meter per second motion.

There will be a significant amount of G's generated in the first second. Once terminal velocity is achieved in that second the G"s too is terminated to a constant. The body is heavier than at rest. Proof of this when it collides with somthing. All the G's at acceleration is disapated though the traveling body as well as into the collided body.

What would the special theory predict if we accelerated to a stop in a total distance of a 160kmph? When we take off the first thing we would notice the environment's time would start to slow down because we are accelerating in violent motion. The environment's time would slow down slowly at first getting faster and faster until we hit a distance of 80k in the environment's half second where we hit the brakes.

As we decelerate we are slowing down where the environment's time will appear to speed up. The slower we go the faster the environments time goes  up. Finally we find ourselves a second into the future were we left a 160km away. The point the excise time 0 to a 160kkm equals a is a space time of a second into the future in a distance of 160km.

Theoretically we don't need light speed to distort space and time. WE let the G's 0 to a 160kmph in  second do it. Light speed is just another distance of time. Light speed equals a distance of three hundred thousand kilometers by the time in out of space the second hand of analogue clocks and watch second hands move a division the seconds of digital time piece seconds, light travels round the entire circumference of earth seven times, we walk a meter and say one thousand and one. In other words all of the latter equal a  light second the distance light travels in a second.

The moon is far enough away to be less than a couple of light seconds away. Our mathematical instinct agrees sixty seconds in a minute is the distance light travels in a minute. In other words a light minute.

Light takes about eight minutes to reach our eyes from the sun. In other words the sun is the nearest star to earth a mere eight light minutes away.

Our mathematical ability agrees when we muiltiply sixty seconds by sixty minutes ( sixty squared ) pans out to a grand total of three thousand six hundred seconds and multiplied by a light second ( the distance of three hundred thousand kilometers ) give us the distance light travels in a light hour. In other words in terms of kmph ten thousand and eighty million by the time a one hour TV program traveling at the maximum speed limit of three hundred thousand kilometers per second. 300,000km distance equals a distance of 10,080,000,000km in an hour. In other words a light hour.

Correspondingly a light day is the distance light travels every date change every 12 midnight period. Our math's skill agrees if we take all the seconds in an hour multiplied by twenty four we get a grand total of eighty six thousand four hundred seconds in the period multiplied by a single light second equals the distance light travels from 12 midnight a.m to twelve might p.m.

The same can apply to a light week, a light month and of coarse we are familiar with the term light year. Our mathematical instinct tells us it is only a mater of all the seconds of a day multiplied by three hundred and fifty six days of the whole year, multiplied by a light second giving us the distance light traveled in a year. For a leap year we take into account of the extra day at the end of every third February which is two hundred and fifty seven days.

Taking into account of every leap year in a decade we can calculate the distance light travels in that period, a century, a millennia ( a thousand years ) a million years a billion even for trillions of centuries on earth distances into the far reaches of the universe. The universe is less than fourteen billion years ago since big bang that that supposed to have created the universe. When we can add up all the seconds as described fourteen to fifteen billion years gives and takes a few billion years tolerance the distance the first light has traveled to this day.

We can find the distance and time we walk a meter simply by saying "One thousand and one" in a couple of strides. By that time light in out of space had traveled a distance of just under three hundred thousand kilometers. If we do the math's on this a meter per second in terms of kmph is only a mere 3.6 ( just over three and a half ) kmph.

Such a velocity has it's G's consequences. Imagine the G's 0 to a 16kmph in a second let a lone the air friction generated. In out of space that short distance means nothing.

Our mathematical instinct arouses our curiosity asking if light travels a distance of three hundred thousand kilometers in a second then how much in time does it travel a meter? In essence we are armed with information the standard metric system telling us there is a thousand meters in a kilometer.

We ask ourselves if that's true then how many meters equals three hundred thousand kilometers? Three hundred thousand is three and five zeros. A thousand is one and three zeros. It is a simple matter of three zeros onto the five giving us three and eight zero meters. It is three three hundred with six zeros for a million. In other words light speed equals three hundred million meters equals three hundred thousand kilometers.

The law of mathematics tells us a reciprocal is the same number in a fraction of a second three hundred millionth second we we walk a meter one second. In decimal fraction is one dived three hundred millionth ( 1 dived 300,000,000km\s equals 0.0000003m/s ). The standard metric system tells us three hundred microseconds. ( one micro is a millionth ). The math's tells us light is three hundred million times faster than the environment second.

Light traveling seven times round the circumference of earth is the same amount of time we walk just one meter. Knowing the circumference of earth opened out to a straight line multiplied by seven will equal light mathematics can work out how much time light travels a meter. The standard metric system tells us there is a thousand meters in a kilometer. Our mathematical instinct agrees we can ask how many meters in 300,000km.

It is only a matter of the three zeros in a thousand onto 300,000, giving six zeros for a million ( 3 and eight zeros ) resulting in 300 million meters in 300 thousand km. Math's tells us the reciprocal of 300 million is the same number 300 millionth. It pans out to be 1 divide ( or over if you like ) 300 million. Applied to a second equals light travels a meter in that time. Or given in the standard metric prefix micro for a millionth 300 microseconds.

Einstein's special theory of relativity reminds us from our point of view of the speed of light  waking a meter per second light traveling 300 million meters in the same amount of time is 300 million times faster the our environment second. The special theory tells us the reciprocal of light speed tells us from light speeds point view is as slow. It means a walk per meter is as slow as 300 million seconds.

If we do the math's on this adding up all the seconds of a year pans out to be 31 million.( Thirty one million five hundred and thirty six thousand seconds to be exact. It is taken from one complete year of time the first second of the twelve month period staring 12 midnight New years morning ending at the last second 12 midnight new years eve ). 300 million seconds pans out to equal light speed point of view of the earth's environment the equivalent of about just over 9 1/2 years as slow as a second of our point of view we observe light speed in a second. The environment's time can't go any slower than light speed can't go any faster.

Bicycle tires

One of the main issues of DIY bicycle issues is tires. Depending on the bike whether racing, BMX, common commuter, to a mountain bike,  tires fitted come in various sizes starting with older racing tires. Theses tires are imperil inches. Tape measures read as much as 28 to 20 inches across just over an inche wide. ( 28, 27, 26, 24 and 20 to be exact ). There are 12 inch ( 1 foot ) children's bike tires.

Metric tires read 50 millimeters short of 3/4 meter ( 700mm or equal to 70cm to be exact ) and about 25 to 45mm wide a smaller diameter than the 28 impearl inch which is larger than 26 inch with 27 between. Metric tires my look the same size as a imperil but are that much different Metric tires won't fit impearl rims ether to big, or two small. Measuring inside the tire is a good indicator of the diameter of the rim deigned for. Checking the diameter of rim the will agree. The diameter of your tire is printed on the tire wall, the x by the width in impearl inches or metric millimeters 

Soft tires tend to offer a maximum amount of road rolling resistance. Weight carrying compresses the tire spreading the ball giving the maximum amount of road rolling resistance. Tight tires has the minimum amount offering glorious glides. Condition plays a large part of this.

Tires that have old glass cuts from previous punctures leak air from leaking inner tubes leaking like a sieve. Expanding cuts effect the ability to hold in air. Expensive tires are made glass cut proof at the same time acting as an extra inner tube. Good well worn but in excellent condition would have been an expensive tire when new. They are much better at inner tube air leak containment quality, robust and durable, not easily effected by heavy ware and tear good for many many kilometers of trouble free cycling than budget tires.

Inner tubes also come in budget standard and more expensive puncture proof. A combination of the two insures trouble free cycling for some time. Leaky inner tubes are caused by previous puncture repairs leaking.

Budget new inner tubes and tires are standard not made flat proof tending to leak air accelerated by leaking inner tubes. When older specially with old glass cuts in the tire continually expanding and leaking inner tube begin the habit of leaking air all the time during riding. New should last for a while before the ware and tear starts to take it's toll and if the added complication if old expending glass cuts start to become uneconomical to fix the constantly recurring flats any more.

Slow leaks is a common occurrence. The inner tube starts developing strange pin holes that are notorious suspects and hard to find and repair due to the condition of both the inner tube and leaking tire specially  if there is any expanding glass cuts. The frequency of repairing flat and puncture repair failures start to be become common.

Attempting to fix the problem with budget inner tubes is not only expensive way to fix the problem but the tire old tire condition hurts the new inner tube soon back to square one with staying inflated problems.

A sign of budget tires bike glides feel spongy due to soft tires not lest offering a high road rolling resistance. The problem is due to the tire constantly leaking air as we ride. Budget new standard ones appear hard as a rock pressing with our fingers but as they get older their firmness starts to go all the time leaking air giving higher and higher road rolling resistance due to the weight of the rider spreading the tire. Soon the glide become not as gratifying as it once was when new due to letting the tire get to soft to often.

There are many experiences of tires stating the habit of quickly going soft with increasing frequency specially soon after topping up with air. Even a brand new expensive tire will let you down when a patcy inner tube is leaking like a sieve.

Frequently topping up is a sign of the inner tube leaking the tire leaking as well. There are experiences of tires with on going habits despite new inner tube replacements. It is a sign of not a flat proof tire inner tube and tire bound to have been a standard budgets when new. New expensive flat proof inner tubes can collect a number of patches very quickly with a warn out standard budget tires. The tire is not holding in the air. Eventually hours after repair and top up the tire is totally soft to completely flat again.

For bets result new flat proof inner tube and tire will work wonders in long reliability. 

Inexperienced commuters end up scratching their heads with the tire problem of what's going on and what to do when a tire won't stay up while it is the inner tube and tire leaking air as fast as the top ups.

Riding constantly on soft tires not only offers a lot of road rolling resistance also hurts them wearing out even expensive flat proofed tires very quickly the beginnings of frequent flats. If we are to avoid constant flat problems flat proof inner tubes and tires together work wonders.

Under inflated flat proof tires pressure are as equal to the maximum of correctly inflated car tires, 30 pound spar square inch ( metric kg per square centimeter or bar equivalent if you like ). Rolling resistance of racing bike tires can be as much as a 100PSI. Standard budget commuter bike tires and inner are at lest 65PSI. The average for a car is about 25. Professional athletes can afford expensive flat or air leak less ) proof inner tubes and tires fitted to their bikes.

The pressure information is printed on the tire wall along with the tire size. Standard budget tires range from 60 to 70PSI. Expensive flat proof tires a minimum of 60 up to a 90. So if you want an effortless glide and trouble free punctures fit avoid tires with old glass cuts, consider flat proof inner tubes and tires inflated between the minimum and maximum tire pressure markings on the tire wall.

The human brain. Artificial intelligence

The human brain has a fierce need to be entertained. Just look at the demand for Hollywood movies and music consorts a reflection of a characteristics of intelligent beings of the universe. We only need to look at our music CD and DVD movie collections world wide not to mention downloading internet services available. It take a great deal of organization and planning. There is a whole range of organized categories to suit all sorts of tastes, heavy rock, light listening children's, teens, adult drama, comedy to action movies including pornographic material designed for all sorts of complicated tastes, straight and gay men and woman alike.

The human brain is a intelligent life in the universe capable of recognizing a woman and mans movie when it see's it recognizing what it will sit though and will not. It knows no bounds in personal tastes to what it wants to prefer watch or the personal choice in music. Look at the adult drama dialogue not only in the movies but in TV series a reflection of the recognizing and understanding complex dialogues created in the scripts created by the likewise human brain.

In contrast with ordinary house tabbies, cows and sheep on the from as all other animals we see in nature and zoo's the human brain has tendencies shudder in horror envisioning the life of such boring drudgery of relaxing all day around the house. If we study closely our own pets, it seems from there point of view it's not a big deal. They seem quite contented doing nothing but relax round under peoples feet all day.

They don't seem to have any ability of restlessness like we have specially children and teenagers. There are times where they can't sit still for long. Their  drives them to distraction whining and complain how bored they are. Their brain seems to have the energy to keep up till it's needs is satisfied.

Entertained human brains are at their most contented and creative state state of mind. Look at the television shows and computer games that caters for our our needs. Another area is the fierce need of alcohol. The complex drama of teenage binge drinking is a common problem. Drugs is another. There are many who don't seem to care much about the desire to drink.

The human brain is capable of keeping cool calm and collected when lost in wildness's. In other areas of the brain capability is when it has seconds seeing life threatening danger coming. From their point of view experience what I call the Albert Einstein theory of special relativity effect of time their brain sped. The experience of speeding up thinking faster than the environment experiencing the point of view of time slowing down. Some are slow to late to recover recover while others seem professional heroes in there fast thinking actions.

Proof of this there are documented cases where  individuals only had seconds to observe life threatening dangers heading their way. From there point of view those few seconds seemed like an eternity. In other words time had slowed down for them Because time from their point of view had slowed down they had time to think about taking action saving their lives and others in the process to tell the story. From other peoples points of view they were quick thinking heroes.

The special theory tells us time slowed from that person's point of view and the point of view of others is relative. It reminds us to view time slowed down like their brain must have sped up faster the environment's time. We only need to observe the point of view of quick thinking in emergencies.

Most people freeze. The brain had slowed down to almost stopped working giving the illusions mere minutes seemed like seconds. The special theory reminds us when we freeze time speeds up.

Most of us notice how we feel uncomfortably unsafe with bicycle brakes a bit spongy a trend towards the manufacturing designer brains responding trends towards hydraulic brake for bicycles. The human brain can recognize and feel unsafe pulling up with inefficient brakes. The opposite can be true in teenagers, and thrill junkies who choose to ignore unsafe bikes with no brakes. They embrace the challenge. Most of this is the inexperience of the consequences which fools their  brain's logic nothing will happen to them having total control of their bikes anyway. There is a lot of argument and scheptisiaum  when authority steps in on behalf of safety.

Reproduction needs has evolved in the human brain's psyche to a state not really considered to much of a duty as in the wild kingdom. Our brain are programmed specific personal set of complicated and coordinated system of preferences likes and dislikes that seems to over ride duty to mate. The human brain is adaptable some of us have no problems being sellerbrite.

There is no social dating when an animal is on heat as far as I know. As far as I know there is no guy pets I've heard of. When is the matting session for humans? The answer there seems to no specific session to be on heat like our house pets. The human Brian seems to have evolved into a program sex is more of an entertainment than a choir defined by brothels and pornographic material that doesn't seem to exist in the animal kingdom as far as I know.

Inelegance is picky and fussy who it mates with. The human brain seems to be programmed with a range of instinctive dating protocol rules a lot of animals don't seem to have. There is lots of complex personalized factures the brain decides on for a partner common wild life and house pets don't have the luxury.

Internet dating sites are a classic example how the human brain has evolved from routine matting millions of years ago to the present technology it is beginning to rely on for the same purpose. There doesn't seem to be any such thing as rape in wild life as far as I know. What the human brain considers as grouse slutty behavior in public and rape is perfectly natural to our house hold pets. to have sex right under our noses anywhere anytime when on heat.

Our brain is programmed with various control mechanisms to control our positive and negative emotions. It is capable of religious extremes, love and hatred attitudes and opinions capable of communicating it to others. It is programmed with empathy and compassion. The only way to show no empathy and remorse is to be missing. A couple of dogs making out in public will immediately create a ruckus from the human brian.

The human brain is capable of understanding the meaning of mind game subterfuge in conversation. It can pick out subtle put downs as meaning from one thing to another. Thoughts of "What's that supposed to mean"? Often pops into peoples heads "Are you threading me"? is another recognition of subterfuge mind game suggestions.

Our brains can recognize consistent coincidences as somthing else. It has the ability to understand hunches. It recognizes when it receives quiet treatments from pairs as a lack of communication, recognizing somthing is up. Thoughts of taking action crosses their mind feverously working on confirmation enquires. In few seconds the brain is planning how to make make enquires going though it initiating asking questions. The human brain can recognize looks on other peoples faces often a source of information data. It can recognize blank expressions judging authority stares, not at all impressed ( hearing a corny joke ) or callus and unemotional to facial shock and surprise.

For artificial intelligence to equal the human mind it has to  "be"   human in all these experiences. A case in point.

imagine an electronic android  with a burning desire to be entertained as we do. It equally enjoys Hollywood movies and music consorts. In reality there is all the music CD's and DVD movie collections world wide not to mention downloading internet services available for artificial intelligence to be entertained by for the picking.

In  reality electronic intelligence is faced with a whole range of human categories to choose from. The world is full of important paintings and music a few hundreds of years old and the recent hundred years of movies to the present. To match the human brain would have to instinctively recognize between a women and men's movies children's and teens instinctively knowing the significance between the dialogue genders recognizing the emotional contents of teenagers and adults alike what it will sit though and will not. It should not need to simulate anything but instinctively know no bounds in personal presences it likes to watch.

Artificial intelligence is faced with the reality of ordinary house pets the human mind appreciates. There is millions of books and internet web pages on how to keep various pets. Cows and sheep on the from as all other animals we see in nature and we keep in zoo's too. To be on the the same wavelength as the human brain an electronic intelligence has to instinctively have emotions shuddering in horror envisioning the life of such boring drudgery life of house pets just as we feel.

Imagine an artificial intelligence capable of a fierce need to get drunk. Drug dependence is another. Imagine often drunk or stoned.

Imagine an electronic robot with a specific personal set of complicated and coordinated system of sexual turn on's and turn off's. Imagine the instinctive drives. Any human making out with a android could easily tell simulation. To meat the the human experience head on androids need to experience the same sexual gratification on a equal footing during dating, foreplay to actual making it out with love making.

Is it believable in a science fiction movie of an android ( or artificial intelligence if you like ) tested in a human society, nobody picked was a robot interaction with them? Imagine a detective investigations nobody ever detected was a robot. ( Or artificial intelligence if you like ). The robot had the same interacting drinking, eating, swearing, arguments, belligerence all the human drama of on the same wavelength as everybody else.

Imagine an artificial Inelegance in business. Imagine an entrepreneur and marketing guru Robot ( android or robot if you like ) picky and fussy about who it pairs up with. Imagine hard cells like we often experience with some real sales people .The reality is to meat human entrepreneur and marketing gurus head on artificial intelligence shouldn't couldn't rely on simulation lest the human brain will detect is not human but instinctive protocols of human behavior like instinctively recognizing body with lots of complex personalized factures involved.

Imagine to discover you favorite personality star news, current affairs documentary, or TV show host after many years was actually a scientific experiment in  artificial intelligence test.

Creating artificial intelligence in reality has to equal the same as the human brains religious extremes on the same wavelength to pass as human, love and and romance hatred attitudes, beliefs and opinions capable lighter to anger capable of shearing and communicating it all to others. The electronic intelligence should never be a programmed simulation but the real experiences empathy and compassion like the a real human brain is capable of.

What about artificial intelligence used in sport? Imagine driverless cars competing with each other in car race event. Think of formula one driverless cars. What about rider less bicycles waving in out out of traffic at high speed action as good as a real human brain can controlled by a computer.

Can we expect artificial intelligence to care for Zoo's and preserving wild life. In reality there is so much more to the human brain  artificial intelligence would struggle to communicate on the same wavelength as a human brain. Any hint of simulation would be suspected and suspicious. Facial expressions and body language reactions have to be real human for a human brain to be fooled.

Our brian verses Albert Einstein's special theory of reality effect.

One of the features of our brain in certain circumstances is capable of adjusting our perception of time. We often experience it as Albert Einstein's special theory of reality effect. The special theory reminds us the faster we go the slower our point of view of time becomes. It is a common believe at light speed time stops. If we we slow down back to normal time, time should speed up again showing the slower we go the faster times goes.

We can experience how our  brain perceives time when we look at clocks and wrist watches.  We don't observe the minute and hour hands move except the second hand. Despite the hour and minute hands stationary at any given moment in reality they are moving.

We observe the second hand move every minute division equal to the same amount of time we say one thousand and one and light travels a distance of just under 300,000km. ( Or a 186,000 miles if you like ). We never observe the minute hand move a division when the second hand completes a full circle. Our mathematical instinct agrees  the minute hand is moving 60 times slower thewn the second hand we observe looking frozen in time.

It is worse with the hour hand. By the time the minute hand had made a full circle we don't observe the hour move at all  let a lone moved a division. From our point of view the hour hand is completely frozen in time but from the hand's point is view is in motion we are moving very fast.

The hour hand makes two full circles that represents the period of a day. Digital time pieces show 23 hours, 59 minutes and 59 seconds changing to no hours no minutes and no seconds of a date change every twelve midnight. In other words this time period we observe both the minute and hour hands always in stopped positions at any given moment of the period. 

If we do the some math's calculating all the seconds of an hour. pans out to 3,600. Every date change equals 86,400 seconds of time. The reciprocal tells us from our point of view the hour is 3,600 times as slow as every second and the minute hand 60 times as slow. From the hour hands point of view the environment is 3,600 times as fast.

The special theory reminds us time between our points of view and the clock hands point of view of us traveling though time is relative to the points of view of seeing each other. While one point of view observe fast the other point of view observe proportionately slow.

A simple exercise demonstrates how our brain demonstrates the special theory of relativity at work. Start with the second hand in a horizontal position at 9'Oclock.The goal is to observe every second move every division with out taking your eyes off the moving second hand as it flicks every division a full circle back back to 9'Oclock.

As you observe the second hand move towards 12 O'clock the quarter minute started to appear surprising longer than you'd expect as we anticipate every second let a lone by the time we reach half minute at 3 O'clock. I bet that was the longest half minute you'll ever site though with another half minute to go to 9'Oclock. By 3/4 minute ( 6'Oclock ) every second will seem longer and longer we ever though possible. In other words we are viewing the effect of time slowing down though observing every second stretching longer than the next one.

The last 15 seconds every second will feel like an eternity counting down anticipating the arrival at the 9'Oclock division. The special theory reminds us for each second to appear to slow down like that our brain must be speeding up to make the seconds seem longer. We all experience the effect even more slower fixing our attention on every second for two minutes.

An experiment can be carried out one person totally concentrating on every second while another is busy with somthing else. A minute will seem like an eternity but from the other persons point of view will feel as if the minute is over in less than a minute. Our brain seems to relative time to circumstances how we occupy it. Waiting for an hour to pass drags for an eternity compared to at times we are suppressed how quickly an hour went.

Einstein's theory tells us our brain must be go though a speeded up phase to drag time an other persons point of view the same amount of  time is over quickly. Time is different at different vie points. In other words when we perceive time drags our brain is sped up and when it seem over quickly it had slowed down.

In reality time is constant. Time drags in anticipation while fly's not concentrating it. As soon as we concentrate on time ( every second for example ) time seems to go slow. Our brain slows when busy not concentrating on time and speeds up concentrating on every second that makes time appear that much slower. The faster we go the slower time seems to go and the slower we go the faster time seems to go. An hour over all ready our brian had bee going slow. Time dragging our brain had sped up.

Our brain is a marvel computer for an organic organ. Often there are mind sets, phobias we constantly fight with logic and  reason is not necessarily. But can we change it's mind? If our brain has the idea it is afraid of heights for example no amount of reason to the truth will change it's mind.

Other important aspects in terms of comparing memory capability to powerful computers. It turns out to be well over several hundred thousand trillion gigabytes and more per second for a  life time. As far as our brain's processing speed is conserved the electrical activity of our thoughts race though our heads rivaling light speed.

It is well documented in many interviews people reporting they saw death coming straight at them thinking they had only seconds to live. For some reason an out of their control and in less than a second response to an automatic adjustment of time every environment second becomes a long time. The person felt time to think to take action often praised as a quick thinking hero saving own and in doing so other peoples lives as well to tell the story. 

Einstein's special theory of relativity is constantly reminding us the faster we go the more time slows down suggesting if our brain does indeed speed up in emergency situations the environment's time tends to slows down. We are thinking faster than the environment's second. From a observers person's point of view will be quick thinking. 

It is a very convenient illusion survival strategy we have some time to act with in an emergency situation. In a way a program of  DNA we are all born with. The environment's time doesn't change only experiencing the effect the special theory of reality point of view of the environment's time when the brain slows or speeds up in an emergency. It is common many people freeze in emergencies. From their point of vie time happens to fast to cope.

For our brain to slow down it needs to recognize a danger coming first to adjust the response. Otherwise surprise often doesn't. If anticipating a precarious looking beam about to cave in any second or the even staring at the last few second ticking away of a digital timer to set off a bomb can be a entirety wait. Our brain responds speeding up racing thinking hard of actions to take thus the the person's point of view the those seconds seem to drag.   

In other words the special theory of reality tells us if our brain caught out in surprise it may not respond well often panic slowing down giving us the illusion the environment's time's appears far to go far fast for us to do anything about the situation. If our brain recognizes the danger coming in time picks up the pace  the environment's time seems to go slow we have lots of time to do somthing about the situation without panic.

It seems a matter of surprise that can cause a lot panic that causes our brains to slow down speeding up the environment's time. Most of the time it is in our DNA how fast or slow our brains can recover from sudden energies. While the rest of us seem slow sometimes we are suppressed and praise heroes how fast they recovered and took action so quickly.

If a brain is fast at recovering time slows down very quickly, while a slower brain time in the emergency may seem quick as a flash.

It is all in the effect of points of view going slower or faster than the environment's time. If time is appearing to drag point of view in reality time is constant  only the effect of creating the illusion of the view point of the environment's time. The perception time drags seems a handy solution in emergency life threatening situations we have time to react with.

We can say the cause of the environment's time to speed to fast to cope is panic. In other words panic causes our brain to go slow thus speeding up time so fast.

Our brain's were created from the DNA coding of our father's sperm triggering fetal developing programming every cell growth with DNA data in our mother's womb copping the DND sequences in every cell as they grow. The DNA was copied from their parent's and copied from their parent's all the way down everybody's family line for centuries.

The average family line is traced stopping less than a couple of centuries. But in reality our family heritages right back to the peak of the last ice age and further. Our DND tells us goes back several million centuries of generations.

Our brains are made up of several hundreds of thousands of trillions neurons resembling trees in winter. Each branch communicates with each branch of other cells by an electric arc zapping across a fluid gap few thousand times thinner than a human hair. That's nano technology territory.

So many cells per cubic millimeter with such tiny gaps are closely packed constantly firing electrical arcs every second rivaling light speed. Tectonically the brains cells expressed as neurons made up of molecules made up of the elements of the universe. The elements are further made up of atoms. At this level the elements disappear into just atoms.

Hydrogen was the only atom created by the big bang that was supposed to have created the universe  All the rest that make up the elements where created in the dyeing throws of supper massive supernovae. In other words our body's molecules are made up of the elements made up of atoms the atoms made up of particles called electrons orbiting center ( nucleus ) particles called Neutrons and protons and a whole zoo of other particles the universe is full of. At a atomic level the laws of quantum physics apply and since we are made of atoms in our brains.

Our brain processes our thoughts in a mass of electrical storms close to light speed every second whether strenuous excurses or dead to the world asleep.  Light speed is equal to the same amount of time we say one thousand and one, equivalent to 7 times round the entire circumference of earth in a second equal to a straight line of just under 300,000km ( 299, 792km and 458 meters to be exact or 186,000 miles if you like ).

If we do the math's on this pans out to ten thousand and eighty million kilometers an hour ( 10,80,000,000kmph ) or six hundred and sixty nine million six hundred thousand miles an hour ( 669,000,600,000mph ) velocity across the tiny gaps of every cell involved.

The electrical activity is a reaction to interacting with the world and others  round us less than a second forming decisions and options of the environment and recommendation thought process course of actions. Where the element level in normal physics leave off the atomic level takes over with the laws of quantum physics. In a sense but only on atomic level where the element's don't exist smallness our brains are quantum computers. 

If the brain hasn't leant the ability to keep cool calm and collected in a life threatening situation such as an earthquake we tend to suffer a state of panic. When that happens the environment round us tends to be fast. The special theory reminds us the brain had to have slowed down for the enviment to be out of control. It is common people freeze in panic.

On the other hand if our brain has leant it can keep cool calm and collected the environment's time tends to slow down and according to the special theory our brain had to have speeded up somewhat often praised as quick thinking heroes. In other words when we found ourselves in a state of panic we tend to experience the environment's time fast and when feel cool calm and collected it seems to be slow enough to gather our thoughts together and time to think with. From other peoples point of view seen heroic fast thinking.

Panic potentially tends to a log jam any training forgetting everything learnt in the heat of moment. In contrast a person reaming cool calm collected has their thoughts together and with no formal training their brain tends be able to take initive like an expert. It is due to the special theory of reality effect of the brain speeding up seemingly slowing the environment time down enough to think with.

Likewise the same effect only in reverse where the Brian slows down where the the individual experience the special theory of reality effect  of the environment's time becoming fast causing the panic.

It would seem a solution is to program the brain to keep cool calm and collected in extreme emergencies where a person can  experience use the natural  special theory of reality effect of our brain has in life threatening emergencies slowing the environment's time down to think with.

An experiment in teaching children to learn to swim teaching them the benefit of not panicking when confronted with a water emergency such as a rip situation. Teaching children they can experience a sense of cool calm and collected feeling in any emergency situation will greatly not only self improve esteem not only from emergencies but from social problems like suffering the victim of bulling'

In the psychology of bullying and how it works on us is all in our brains. Our brains is capable of recognizing all sorts of emotions in other people's faces and body  language. For example it can potentially recognize a lack of communication from a quiet treatment. It is loud and clear to to the human brain somthing is up.  If it hasn't learnt to recognize fear and mistrust in the faces and behavior of others complications and misunderstandings can be prevalent. Bullies tend to recognize it when they see it.

Our brain is also capable of recognizing the cool calm and collected domineer determination written all over other's faces and body language. Bullies tend to recognize blank expression determination look of confidence of someone reacting cool calm and collected together. They show they are not afraid in the determination study of the person facing them head on eye contact.

Our brain recognizing theses that panic to those that are cool calm and collected behavior in emergencies. We have very little tolerance to those that panic and those that keep calm we all admire as heroes. Just ask the new media. Heroes are only the result of not panicking experiencing the special theory of reality effect on the environment's time when their brain speeds up.

To be able to do that comes from experience. The inexperienced tends to panic experiencing the special theory of reality effect of the brain slowing down  we we experience the environment's time a bit fast. The definition of experience when a person has done somthing hundreds of thousands of time before the human brain embraces in memories.

The person experiences confidence because the brain constantly remembers it has been there done that sort of thing hundreds and thousands of times before that tends to illuminate panic. In retrospect if we invert this we can clearly see when we are faced with having to do somthing we haven't done before.

We can all recognize an inexperienced fire fighter rescuer to a experienced one. The moral  of the story if we don't allow the brain to slow down we avoid the special theory of reality effect of speeding up  the environment's time actively encouraging the opposite letting our brain speed up experiencing personally the environment's time to slow down.

There are two magic training words that will help, repeating in your head "Don't Panic" or DP. But there is a catch with the human brain. 

It is often said we can achieved anything we put our minds to it. This is half true as far as the human brain concerned. It doesn't work because there is somthing more powerful that guarantees it to work. Our brain lives by habits. What this means is we gain experience by habitually practicing even if unconsciously over and over hundreds and thousand of times in our heads. To do that comes from one source, our thoughts.

The brain only believes with repeated talking to ourselves. If we tell ourselves often enough it suddenly and unexpectedly comes true. The catch is it takes time. Scientists have found it takes about 28 days for a habit to form properly. And it goes with out saying to train our brain to believe we don't panic.

It helps to rehearse imaginary scenarios in our heads talking our selves though dangerous life threatening stories of heroic adventure helpful to remember  the special theory of reality effect of our brain speed up slowing the environments time does it. Repeated often enough our brain begins to believe it. It subconsciously remembers not to panic and all believing our own stories of heroic adventures when it comes to the real thing. The same training works for victims of bullying.

Victims of bullying can call upon their favorite action heroes asking what would they do, bearing in mind they experience the special theory of reality effect when they don't panic confronted by trouble makers can practice in their heads what they have seen their action heroes do. For the brain to believe this it must start off until it becomes an unconscious habit to believe we don't panic.

Albert Einstein's special theory relativity. Ligh speed velocity time

Albert Einstein's special theory relativity projects points of view we observe time on a light speed scale. For example arithmetic  tells us from our point of view light travels 7 times round the entire circumference of earth the same time we walk a meter equivalent to 300,000km ( 299, 792km and 458 meters to be exact or 186,000 miles if you like ).

It is the time we take a couple of strides saying one thousand and one. It is the same amount of time we finish half this sentence, the same amount of time analogue clocks and watch second hands move a division and the same amount time digital time pieces take to change each second. All a second of time equals a light second the distance light travels in a second. You do the math's.

Text books tell us light takes 8 minuets to reach earth from the sun. If we do the math's on this sunlight from the sun right now is an nothing more than an image of the the sun as it was eight minutes ago every second. We won't observe the sunlight leaving the sun in real time moment until eight minutes into the future. This tells us the sunlight we see every second of real time to us is only relative to the time it left the sun in a factor of minutes.

Since light travels at a 300,000km/s velocity mathematics tells us it travels a distance of 300,000km increments every second. Our mathematical instinct agrees if we add up all the seconds in 8 minutes multiplied by the speed of light in km or miles gives us the distance earth is from the sun equal to the distance light travels in eight minutes. Light is  300,000km above the sun's surface by the time you finish this sentence. 

Consequently when the light reaches our eyes in eight minutes time the sunlight will equally by 300,000km away away from earth. Consequently we are observing sunlight eight minutes old from the sun 300,000km away every second getting father and further away by every 300,000km increments every second. The math's tells us light is a continues uninterrupted flow.

From our point of view light reflects off the moon's surface to our eyes in less than couple of seconds. The same can be true from the moon's point of view of light reflected from earth. Taking 8 minutes to reach our eyes from the sun, the sun is the nearest star only a mere 8 light minutes away. If we go by the numbers on this tells tells us each planet is mere light hours, and light days from earth.

The end of the solar system pans out to be light some weeks away. The arithmetic tells us the sunlight we saw in real time on earth a year ago is now the distance light had traveled in that time away from us in some distant corner of the universe continuing to add 300,000km every second of our lives.

Our mathematical instinct agrees it is only a mater of multiplying sixty seconds in a minute, by sixty seconds in an hour ( in other words sixty squared ) multiplied by the 24 hours of our day, multiplied by 365 days of the year equals adding up all the seconds of year every second 300,000km equals the distance light traveled in that time.  Of course compensating for a leap year is 257.

Einstein tells us traveling at any velocity is the same amount of time, For example if we were at light speed time to us will be normal seconds, minutes, hours and days of travel to the end of the solar system. But we view the universe slowed down by the equal amount light as fast panning out to be 300,000 times as slow relative to our time at light speed. The mathematical model of viewing the universe 300.000 as slow in km is a tricky miss lead.

If anybody is curious enough will ask if light travels a distance of 300,000km in a second how much time does it travel a meter?. Going to the trouble to do the arithmetic pans out to 300 millionth of a second. It is only a matter of comparing the number of meters in 300,000km .

The standard metric system tells us there is a thousand meters in a kilometer that tallies up to a thousand thousand meters where 300,000km equals to a distance of 300 million meters. Math's tells us the reciprocal of 300 million is 300 millionth witch is always one divide a million respectively.  Thus a mathematical formulae tells us we walk a meter light speed travels equals one over, 300,000km times a 1,000.

Thus light travels a meter 300,000,000th of a second. If we use the standard metric  system prefix micro for a millionth, 300 microseconds equals a fraction over quarter millisecond. ( milli- for a thousandth ).

From our point of view it is all relative by the time we walk a meter light had travel 300 million meters. Our mathematical instinct agrees if we do some number crunching tells us since light travels 7  times round the earth equals the circumference 7 times in a second. In other words the math's tell us when we walk a meter in a second  is equal to 7 times round the earth ratio in the same amount of time equal to the circumference of the earth opened out to a 300,000km straight line.

Our mathematical instinct agrees it is only a matter of comparing 7 with 300,000 asking ourselves how many 7's go into 300,000 giving us the circumference of the earth. Our instinct with numbers agrees whole heartily the circumference of earth multiplied by 7 equals to the speed of light that travels in a straight line. Of course the numbers will be different worked out in km or miles.

The reciprocal tells us from light speeds point of view we walk a meter 300 million seconds. Anybody curious enough will be able to pull their mathematical peraleis to calculate how long that is equivalent time in years. From our point of view light is 300 million times as fast we can walk a meter but from light speeds point of view in the fleeting visit to earth time would be equivalent to 300 million times as slow.

By the time light was 300,000km away from earth a person would have walked a whole meter. In other words it pans pout by the time we walk a meter light is a light second away from earth adding a light second every second.

The math's shows time at light speed doesn't stop because time cannot be any slower from light speed's point of view any more than from our point of view light speed isn't any faster than we we observe it. You do the math's.

Some of us actually believe it is not necessarily true we cannot travel faster then light. If this is true our mathematical instinct agrees we can see the implications traveling round the circumference of  earth more than 7 times in a second. There is no reason why not our arithmetic can calculate the velocity 8,  9, 10 or a 100, even a 1,000  a million, a billion, or a trillion times or more round the earth in a second. 

When we accelerate to a velocity the mathematics tells us constant velocity doesn't exist during the acceleration. When we start of stationary reach a constant velocity and to return to stationery we slow down to stop. Einstein's special theory says in acceleration the faster we go the slower time show to stop the opposite should be true, the slower we go the faster time goes.

Einstein's special theory projects time would be observed speeding back up if we slow down from a velocity. Think distance of a distance of a 160km ( 100 miles if you like ) to a stop in a second. Going by the numbers tells us this is not a constant velocity because it is only the time it takes to accelerate and stop in a 160km in a second. You try to calculate the acceleration and deceleration in a kmph equivalent.

The numbers  tells as us take off is 0km to a distance of 80km in 1/2 second then to a stop we decelerate another 80km in another 1/2 second. The math's tells there is no kmph. Einstein's has somthing to say about that about that observing the environment's time. Think of the Marvel comic book hero the flash dashing a 160km to a stop in a second. From an observers point of view would either see him disappear and reappear a 160km away in a second or witness stretch like a rubber band a 160km snapping back to normal a 160km away in the same second.

Einstein's special theory tells us as he takes off he would observe his world slow down, because his acceleration constantly changes faster and faster. The environment's second gets slower and slower, slowly at first slowing down faster and faster as he gets faster and faster. There is a point when the environment's time will seem to stop. It is a illusion because it is only to slow to observe moving.

As he brakes the environment's time should start to speed up again, slowly at first getting faster and faster as he gets slower and slower till finally he finds himself a second into the future when he was a 160km away. Imagine this on a light speed scale. According to Einstein's special theory  projects  the environment's point of view of the flash and from his point of view of the environment round him racing round the circumference of earth the 7 times to a stop in a second.

As he accelerated from his point of view every environment second would get longer and longer. He would view a person walking a meter take longer and longer until the person seems so slow they seem frozen in time. Then as he brakes to come to a stop the person would start to move again getting faster and faster to walk a meter because the second is getting shorter and shorter until the person had walked the entire meter in a second into the future compared to when  he took off. 

The special theory also tells us we cannot travel at light speed because our mass becomes far to heavy on a light speed scale. The next time you are at a supermarket weigh somthing a 1kg ( butter, cheese bag of sugar ect ) in your hand. You will be feeling the force of the earth's mass pulling it to the floor expressed in Newton's, -9,8  to be exact. It is the numerical unit of the earth's gravity. The earth's mass pulls on the 1kg mass equally 9,8N as the mass of your body. When you weigh yourself the scale testifies to this,

Isaac Newtown's third law of force and motion says where there is a force there is an equal and opposite force that defines the property of accelerating bodies resisting acceleration called inertia. Einstein's special theory tells us is relative to gravity expressed as a gravitational equivalence. We feel it in accelerating Rolla Coaster trucks pulling us back into our seats we expresses as G's.

It is a acceleration force of the tucks that terminates the acceleration to a constant velocity where it can't  go any faster called terminal velocity. We only feel the inertia of the tucks during their acceleration. Once  terminated to a constant velocity we don't feel it any more. In truth everything at terminal velocity is than when stationary.

If we let rip a kg mass from the top floor of a tall sky scrapper the earth's mass snatches it instantly accelerating it despite the air resistance where the resisting mass causes the earth's mass to no longer be able to accelerate it any faster has reached terminal velocity. It will tumble all the way down the side of the building until impact with the immovable mass of the street bellow.

All that energy transferred though the kg mass and street in a sudden stop at terminal velocity is testimony of terminal velocity impacts bodies have are much heavier during constant velocity than at rest. If we do the math's on this the impact force at terminal velocity of our 1kg mass is equal to a 1kg, 3.6kmph impact

Einstein's special theory tells us the inertia stored in the free fall terminal velocity of our object at impact has all the hall marks of the equivalent of being in a heavier gravitational field then earth in the sudden stop for second. Density resists bouncing. A basket ball full of air will bounce high in the air. Filled with solid material the force will damage thought the pathement of the street.

We all use the term G's to represent the pull we feel in any acceleration. One G is equal to 9.8N equal to a kilogram per centimeter of the earth's pull or our body mass weighs. The instant a body falls from the top floor of building is a 0 to a sudden acceleration expressed as torque. Two G's of torque is the equivalent of feeling twice our weight in time. Three G's, three times and so on. The maximum we can barely  tolerate is a pull of a 4G's in a second Rolla Coaster take off. Any more is potentially fatal black outs and stopping hearts.

Isaac Newtown's second law says bodies only travel in straight lines. They only change is directed by a force changing the momentum into another straight line direction. We feel the change of direction in Rolla coasters when they hit those tight twist and bends without slowing down at maximum G. For a split second we feel  as if we are going to shoot off the rails straight ahead sensation just before the turn. It is the inertia of the trucks obeying Newton's laws of motion.

When Einstein's wrote the special theory had predicted what NASA has been using for the past sixty years training austronuaghts in weightlessness. We know  when a plane nose dives fast enough austronuaghts lift of the fuselage floor frolicking about in weightless fun. The effect of the dropping motion effectively cancels the earth gravity in the fuselage. In effect the plane has become an antigravity device.

If a plane climbs fast enough austronuaghts can walk upside down on the roof as normal in the earth's gravity. The special theory expresses this a gravitational equivalence. Once Roller coasters are at their maximum speed limits the tucks are at their maximum G. The mere fact we don't feel it at the trucks terminal velocity in straight line straight always is testimony we don't feel any G's at any constant velocity. 

When the trucks slow down we feel the G's pulling us forward resisting slowing down getting weaker and weaker till it comes to a stop. Imagine the G's the flash dashing a 160km to a stop in a second. if you think that's incredible, think of accelerating to a stop in a distance of 300,000km in a second of 7 times round the circumference of the earth. The numbers tells us equal to  0 to a 150,000km in 1/2 second and deescalating another 150,000k in another 1/2 second.

It is relatively arbitrary on the the earth's surface because of the air friction less than a second at take off. Light will do the same even in a vacuum like out of space. The reason-, bicycle pumps getting hot when we pump air into a tire is not from friction you know. It is from compression. In other words compression heats. The G's of light speed in out of space not only crushes a body inward in all  directions reviling black holes but heats it incinerates it. 

Even a tiny amount of matter like a microgram ( millions of times lighter than a kg ) of mass accelerated to light speed is accelerated to a speed only light can travel.

Even if possible less than a second the G's at take off would be so powerful  the molecule of the body would weigh as much as a super tanker and millions of degrees hot. The body would disappear into pure heat called plasma generating light particles called photons. In other words at light speed pressures matter at light speed disappears energy in the form of heat in  line with Einstein's famous e equals m c squared formula.

If we muiltiply the speed of light by itself ( squared, in this case in km, 300,000km/s times 300,000 ) multiplied by a milligram of matter ( commonly expressed as 0.001kg ) equal to a temperature of millions of degrees. Matter is converted to energy. This is what happens when a milligram of properly processed uranium bombed at close to the speed of light by particles splitting the atoms releasing all the powerful heat and energy of a nuclear blast.